Goal setting is an example of metacognition. Focusing on intrinsic motivators will give students desire, discipline, and dedication to learn. You already have years of experience in academic writing and know how to cite sources, find research and write it up. See Peet et al. In C. E. Weinstein, E. T. Goetz, & P. A. Alexander (Eds. email: info@gemmlearning.com, Support: Because Metacognition plays a critical role in successful learning, it is imperative that instructors help learners develop metacognitively. Questions might be: What dont I know? She models her thinking for the class during the entire task, so students can model their own self-questioning on hers. Expecting to teach and teaching can lead to. Log in or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course. They begin by simply spending a few minutes examining the material and noting what stands out to them. ( Also see the Metacognition occurs in three phases: before-learning (planning), during-learning (monitoring), and after-learning (evaluating). It is no surprise that metacognition is now a key focal point of the Common Core State Standards. For example, you might learn the material as if you were going to teach it to others and then pretend that youre teaching it to someone, or you might skip directly to teaching the material to other people in reality. According to the researchers for whom it is named, psychologists David Retrieved December 27, 2011 from http://gse.buffalo.edu/fas/shuell/CEP564/Metacog.htm. 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Better Learning Through Structured Teaching: A Framework for the Gradual Release of Responsibility, 3rd Edition (Print Book) $29.95. 1 minute. Its what separates excellent readers from mediocre readers. Teach the Concept: Instead of just having students work a math problem, teachers can have the students explain each step involved in working the problem. They find reading rewarding. metacognitive skills have signicant eects on learning outcomes and adaptive instruction (regarding learning outcomes, see Bryce et al., 2015; Bulu & Pedersen, 2012; Veenman & Beishuizen, 2004; regarding adaptive instruction, see Duy et al., 2009; Soslau, 2012). Watch a Teaching Commons video that introduces the technique and review materials from a past workshop on how to implement the activity in your own class. She is aware of her own cognitive experience. 12th International Strategic Management Conference, ISMC 2016, 28-30 October 2016, Antalya, Turkey Expecting to teach and teaching can lead to increased use of effective learning strategies, such as organizing the material and seeking out key pieces of information. Welcome to books on Oxford Academic. ; The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is composed of BA12, BA25, and anterior cingulate cortex: BA32, BA33, BA24. [5 April 2017] Free Manuals on Effective Learning and Social-Skills. What metacognition research adds to the conversation about student success is an emphasis on the fact that teachers must show - not just tell - students how to perform these tasks. Second, it's clear in your head how you will apply your current knowledge to this new situation - the Works Cited page will be a breeze, you know which research search engines yield the best results, you know how to break big projects into manageable chunks and to create a timeline for this work. Ferdinand Stebner. Daily Journal/Reflection: The teacher can provide reflection questions for the students to answer after reading the passage, which allows the students to practice metacognition. Compensatory Strategies Overview & Examples | What is the Compensatory Approach? It is through this thinking about thinking, this use of metacognitive strategies, that real learning occurs. 2. Early on, in the cognitive skill phase, phonics and language processing programs that develop phonemic awareness are the most helpful. For many kids, when new lessons are taught in class, it can feel like just another disembodied idea or concept to add to the mix, another thing to grapple with or memorize for a test, or explain in a writing assignment. Naturalistic Intelligence Concept & Examples | What is Naturalistic Intelligence? Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Nietfeld, J. L., & Shraw, G. (2002). 39). Speculations about the nature and development of metacognition. A key reason for increasing the number of TAs was to help deal with problems with teacher workloads. Page generated on: Wednesday, 7 December 2022 at 8:41. Planning is a metacognitive skill because it requires a person to think through events that will happen in the future. We can see his reading comprehension in particular is much stronger. Edutopia and Lucas Education Research are trademarks or registered trademarks of the George Lucas Educational Foundation in the U.S. and other countries. From that point, there is every chance he will become an enthusiastic lean forward reader who will practice metacognitive reading strategies. Confronting new material is an almost daily occurrence in classrooms, but figuring out how new learning connects to whats already been covered isnt always clear to studentsor even something they know is important to think about. Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive-developmental inquiry. Integrated ELD is instruction in which the California English Language Development Standards (CA ELD Standards) are used in tandem with the state-adopted academic content standards (Title 5 California Code of Regulations [CCR] Section 11300[c]).. With a KWL, before the lesson, students will first explain what they already know about the topic and what they would like to know. ED-EVP-O-16-F-0001. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you Things like: Of course, deep understanding is a major career and life skill, particularly in todays knowledge economy. When it comes to work, explaining important procedures to new employees can help you remember those procedures better yourself. This involves a teacher talking the class through her thinking as she tackles a task, like a piece of text with new vocabulary or a new math concept. Codon Learning is a science courseware developer that supports the practice of evidence-based teaching. 1-28. Tanner, Kimberly D. (2012). In the classroom, teachers play a key role in supporting children with metacognition and learning. In elementary school, this decoding effort can crowd out even literal comprehension. The USF College of Education is accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Educator Preparation (CAEP) and is fully As they read, the students can identify three reading strategies they used while reading the passage. Wide-ranging research into the brain and the human experience. But grasping the larger framework of how ideas and knowledge build upon each other, how they form an intentional continuum that stretches through units and grade levels and connects to existing background knowledge, helps build deeper, more durable learning. says educational consultant Kripa Sundar. Third, you know how to fill in the blanks and where to turn to get the information you're lacking. Reading skills develop in a sequence that is hard to change. Beyond improving your ability to learn the material, teaching others can also lead to additional benefits, such as improved communication skills, increased confidence, and improved leadership ability. Over time, decoding skills do improve. Research shows that even children as young as 3 benefit from metacognitive activities, which help them reflect on their own learning and develop higher-order thinking. When it comes to hobbies, teaching basic skills to novices can help you refine and master those skills yourself. What follow-up questions do I have? In addition, the protg effect can also be beneficial in non-academic contexts. In 2003, the government introduced The National Agreement to help raise pupil standards and tackle excessive teacher workload, in large part via new and expanded support roles and responsibilities for TAs and other support staff. Its also a critical part of students taking ownership of their own learning. All rights reserved. But the report warns that metacognitive strategies should be taught in conjunction with specific subject content as pupils find it hard to transfer these generic tips to specific tasks. call: 877-292-4366 Technical, and Adult Education (OCTAE), under Contract No. In reading this means the reader can thinkcritically about her own understanding as she goes. flashcard set{{course.flashcardSetCoun > 1 ? Thanks to your metacognitive strategies at work here, you have everything you need to get started and to troubleshoot when problems arise during the process. By using metacognition when you study, you can be strategic about your approach. Self-regulated learning (SRL) is one of the domains of self-regulation, and is aligned most closely with educational aims. It takes deep understanding to make improvements or recommend a change of course. Explore metacognitive strategies. Palatine, IL: IRI/Skylight Publishing. Meichenbaum, D. (1985). Reading comprehension this makes reading rewarding. Use of Metacognitive Learning. Teaching and Learning Certificate Program, University Center for Writing-based Learning, Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive developmental inquiry, Communicate their knowledge, skills, and abilities to a specific audience, such as a hiring committee, Identify and implement effective learning strategies, Transfer learning from one context to another, Take place before, during, and after an experience, Happen in different group configurations (individuals, pairs, small group, large group). Assessing metacognitive awareness. Evidence suggests the use of metacognitive strategies which get pupils to think about their own learning can be worth the equivalent of an additional +7 months progress when used well. In contrast, metacognitive strategies are used to ensure that an overarching learning goal is being or has been reached. The implication for ABE programs is that it is likely that ABE learners need explicit instruction in both cognitive and metacognitive strategies. Students can set a goal and then plan out action steps they need to take to achieve the goal. Flavell defined metacognition as a learner's understanding of their own cognition. Metacognition Theory & Examples | What is Metacognition in Psychology? the U.S. Department of Education should be inferred. Designated ELD is instruction provided during a protected time in the regular school ", Students can answer this question via a simple journal jot or a quick classroom discussion. 10 chapters | The keys areknowing about knowing and then doing something about that knowledge. 285 lessons, {{courseNav.course.topics.length}} chapters | Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. We are published by the George Lucas Educational Foundation, a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization. In F. E. Weinert & R. H. Kluwe (Eds. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Learners construct knowledge using cognitive strategies, and they guide, regulate, and evaluate their learning using metacognitive strategies. Mastering cognitive skills that make reading easier phonological awareness, attention, working memory, language processing. I feel like its a lifeline. For example, a student who is studying for an exam could benefit from theprotg effect and improve their understanding of the material, by teaching that material to their peers. In this case, the protg effect canbe intentional, if the student is tutoring with the goal of learning the material, or incidental, if the student is tutoring for some other reason, such as that they want to improve their social standing or that their teacher asked them to do it. 3. MLA is a style of documentation that may be applied to many different types of writing. If you are not able to read with comprehension, reading is not rewarding. Download the official Learning Theories In Plain English eBook (Vol. The key point about deep understanding is that once you truly and deeply understand something, you are in position to do something positive with that understanding. ), Thinking and learning skills, Vol. 4. Metacognition helps you to be a self-aware problem solver and take control of your learning. Teaching metacognitive strategies is one way to even the playing field, giving all students access to the helpful and effective steps that successful students - and people in general - go through when faced with new tasks. Metacognition Reading Strategies. When deciding which approach to use in order to benefit from the protg effect, remember that the more realistic the teaching feels, the more you will benefit from it, but that any potential benefits must be weighed against potential costs, such as the time and effort involved in implementing any given technique. Many students are hesitant to ask questions, or dont connect their feelings of confusion to a need for more information. Seven recommendations for teaching self-regulated learning, Review of the evidence commissioned by the EEF to inform the Metacognition and Self-regulated Learning guidance report, Download resource Download the Guidance Report, Download resource Download the Recommendations Poster. See metacognition examples. Metacognitive thinking includes reflecting on one's own performance, modifying their performance as needed, and making connections between skills an individual currently has and the skills they will need to learn. Retrieved December 27, 2011. Center for Teaching and Learning25 E. Jackson Blvd.Chicago, IL 60604(312) 362-8000facultydevelopment@depaul.edu. New York: Academic Press. The second part, is regulation of cognition to maximize learning. Metacognition is the ability to use prior knowledge to plan a strategy for approaching a learning task, take necessary steps to problem solve, reflect on and evaluate results, and modify ones approach as needed. Ourreading programsare comprehensive, with exercises at each stage of the pyramid. The University of South Florida College of Education values high-quality education and excellence in research, teaching, and learning. Many children have difficulties with accurate self-monitoring and effective regulation of study, and this may cause them to miss learning opportunities. Metacognitive reading strategies are about taking charge of reading, monitoring comprehension while reading. (2001). Next, the individual should talk themselves through the reading material. Clear learning goals are necessary for students to effectively apply their metacognitive strategies. Thiede, K. W., Anderson, M. C., & Therriault, D. (2003). Getting kids to ask themselves this type of question is key here. Tanya has over 16 years of experience teaching various social studies subjects. In addition, they need to predict any problems they may encounter and identify solutions to overcome these problems. Thinking about thinking: Metacognition. CBELife Sciences Education, 11(2), 113120. 12th International Strategic Management Conference, ISMC 2016, 28-30 October 2016, Antalya, Turkey Types of Metacognitive Knowledge. They need to see them modeled. Multiple Intelligences & Learning Styles: Teaching Tips, CGI in Math Strategies & Benefits | Impact of CGI in Math, How to Assess the Cultural Background & Experiences of ELL Students. Metacognition refers to awareness of ones own knowledgewhat one does and doesnt knowand ones ability to understand, control, and manipulate ones cognitive processes (Meichenbaum, 1985). To promote students metacognition, middle and high school Halpern, D. F. (1996). This guidance report reviews the best available research to offer teachers and senior leaders practical advice on how to develop their pupils metacognitive skills and knowledge. By using metacognition when you study, you can be strategic about your approach. A student needs to learn how to usemetacognitive strategies to develop a deep understanding of the text. This is because goal setting requires the individual to think about a specific goal and think about what steps they will have to take to meet their goal. For example, if the teacher discussed three taxes that the British placed on the colonists, students could be given a graphic organizer with the names of the three taxes. The goal of metacognitive teaching is to create independent, empowered thinkers who have a toolkit of possible strategies to handle new problems. Imagine that you are a graduate student who needs to write a dissertation. This helps ensure the reader has a full understanding of the material. Kimberly D. Tanner, a professor at San Francisco State University, writes eighth-grade English teacher Cathleen Beachboard. Students that read with metacognition constantly ask themselves Do I understand what I just read? or What is the main point here? It requires constant attention and a questioning mindset. This allows them to think about and practice what they learned. Find out more. The USF College of Education is accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Educator Preparation (CAEP) and is fully ; The ventrolateral prefrontal cortex is composed of areas BA45, BA47, and BA44. A teacher can teach the students to reflect upon what they have learned and where they need to expand their learning. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. In addition, there are other benefits to teaching others, beyond the improvement in ability to learn the material. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. Metacognitive Knowledge. When teachers ask the class "What stands out?," rather than letting students do the asking, it can inadvertently send the signal that there is "something youve already noticed, as a teacher, and you want to know if they see it too,"writes educator Terry Heick. World-renowned faculty. These four quadrants represent categories of metacognitive strategies that successful students and adults employ throughout their daily work: One of the most effective ways to teach metacognitive strategies is the think-aloud strategy. Metacognition is ones ability to use prior knowledge to plan a strategy for approaching a learning task, take necessary steps to problem solve, reflect on and evaluate results, and modify ones approach as needed. Metacognitive strategies can be taught (Halpern, 1996), they are associated with successful learning (Borkowski, Carr, & Pressley, 1987). To help scaffold learning new vocabulary terms and build student agency, Rebecca Alber, an instructor at UCLAs Graduate School of Education, has each student in her classroom create a chart where they write down key terms or concepts from a new unit and rank them as "know it," "sort of know it," or "don't know it at all." Developing metacognitive skills increases the individuals problem-solving skills. Open Access. Students can use strategies across different domains of the school curriculum. Metacognitive knowledge refers to what individuals know about themselves as cognitive processors, about different approaches that can be used for learning and problem solving, and about the demands of a particular learning task. This consists of knowledge or beliefs accumulated through experience and stored in long-term memory that concern the human mind and its doings. It is no surprise that metacognition is now a key focal point of theCommon Core State Standards. It teaches students how to monitor their learning through reflection and how to make changes beneficial to their learning. It rests on the assumption that part of acquiring a skill consists in learning to distinguish between good and bad performances of this skill. 1 of 2) instantly. After being reviewed by content experts, the items were administered to 966 and 512 participants of various L2 proficiency levels, mainly in Canada. If a child is reading with metacognition and deep understanding, his learning is performing at the highest level. So Each May Soar: The Principles and Practices of Learner-Centered Classrooms (Print Book) $34.95. Young, A., & Fry, J. D. (2008). Take part in an EEF project. Integrated ELD is instruction in which the California English Language Development Standards (CA ELD Standards) are used in tandem with the state-adopted academic content standards (Title 5 California Code of Regulations [CCR] Section 11300[c]).. North Central Regional Educational Laboratory. How can metacognitive prompts be used to promote reflection in learning? Add to Cart. This is because they read effortlessly and they get a great deal out of every book. Journal of Educational Research, 95, 131142. But there are two foundational skills that must be in place before that practice can truly start: Many struggling readers are unable to think while reading because the act of decoding, sounding out words, takes up too much concentration. When creating a lesson plan, it is useful to add metacognitive strategies that the students can engage in while learning. Instructors can encourage ABE learners to become more strategic thinkers by helping them focus on the ways they process information. Metacognition is the process of purposefully thinking about ones own thinking strategies. This can send the message that "if they do see it, theyre smart, and if not, they can continue to guess what youre thinking," he explains. Modification is a metacognitive skill because it allows a person to think about what adjustments they needs to make to their plan. The instrument was developed and validated by Richard M. Felder and Barbara A. Soloman. Flavell (1979) further divides metacognitive knowledge into three categories: Livingston (1997) provides an example of all three variables: I know that I (person variable) have difficulty with word problems (task variable), so I will answer the computational problems first and save the word problems for last (strategy variable).. Metacognitive strategies include evaluating work, critiquing, and prediction. Successful students use metacognitive strategies throughout a task and actually start thinking before they start the task itself. Students can complete a journal assignment about the days' concept. An update on strategic learning: Its more than textbook reading strategies. Learn the definition of metacognition and understand the importance of metacognitive skills. Once reading is fluent, the emphasis can move to exercises that exercise inferential thinking and abstract reasoning in a while-reading context, reading practice and finding those just right books that can ignite a lifelong love of reading. Commander, Nannette Evans, and Valeri-Gold, Marie. Join an activity with your class and find or create your own quizzes and flashcards. Even he is noticing the difference. Georgia Journal of Reading, Fall-Winter, 1118. Note:some studies suggest that the fact that older siblings tend to have a higher IQ than their younger siblings can be attributed to the fact that the older siblings act as tutorsin the family, at an age when they undergo significant cognitive development. Because of its beneficial influence, the protg effect can be a useful tool in a variety of situations. Join an activity with your class and find or create your own quizzes and flashcards. The questions can be related to meeting their personal goals; Teach Strategies Directly. Broadly speaking, it refers to learning that is guided by metacognition (thinking about one's thinking), strategic action (planning, monitoring, and evaluating personal progress against a standard), and motivation to learn. In 2003, the government introduced The National Agreement to help raise pupil standards and tackle excessive teacher workload, in large part via new and expanded support roles and responsibilities for TAs and other support staff. The initial and most common account is based on metacognitive abilities. CivicActions with "An online learning environment generally requires learners to work more independently and have self-regulatory learning strategies and metacognitive skills to manage their learning," Relyea said. Flavell, John H. (1979). This fixing up of problems found during reading is a key example of metacognition proficiency. Promoting student metacognition. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, 43(6) 528541. funding from the U.S. Department of Education (ED), Office of Career, Below is a list of metacognitive strategies that can easily be introduced into any lesson, based on the work of Kim Austin, Melissa Cheung, Linda Darling-Hammond and Daisy Martin: This list includes many items that skilled teachers do naturally on a daily basis. Which parts or terms are new to me, and which parts do I recognize? They can identify three facts they learned in the lesson about the American Revolution. Find out more. American Psychologist, 34(10), 906911. In the past, weve offered 20 Types Of Journals That Help Students Think, including: Question Journal: This type of journal is focused on inquirythe asking and refinement of questions. Strategic teaching and reading project guidebook. We recommend you to everyone we know., Inquiries: * Yancey, Kathleen. Add to Cart. Metacognitive regulation refers to adjustments individuals make to their processes to help control their learning, such as planning, information management strategies, comprehension monitoring, de-bugging strategies, and evaluation of progress and goals. Spontaneous strategy use: Perspectives from metacognitive theory. Flavell (1976), who first used the term, offers the following example: I am engaging in Metacognition if I notice that I am having more trouble learning A than B; if it strikes me that I should double check C before accepting it as fact (p. 232). Examining the "muddiest point" in this waythe place where things got confusing or complicated for studentsor doing a quick misconception check, can be powerful tools for students to identify where they lack clarity. The Education Endowment Foundation (EEF) is a charity and a company limited by guarantee. Because these strategies do not come naturally to a lot of students, we must explicitly teach them, and research shows it makes a big difference in their performance. Metacognitive interpersonal therapy is a method of treating and improving the social skills of people with personality disorders that are associated with asociality. An example of the protg effect is a student who tutors their peers, and by doing so improves his own understanding of the material. What stands out to me? American Psychologist, 34, 906911. The University of South Florida College of Education values high-quality education and excellence in research, teaching, and learning. Think-aloud and modeling allows for the teacher to model how to complete a task. It rests on the assumption that part of acquiring a skill consists in learning to distinguish between good and bad performances of this skill. Broadly speaking, it refers to learning that is guided by metacognition (thinking about one's thinking), strategic action (planning, monitoring, and evaluating personal progress against a standard), and motivation to learn. Its takes years to master. Learner-Centered Classroom Overview & Examples | What is Student-Centered Learning? Please enable scripts and reload this page. (1998). This type of metacognitive knowledge is not always accurate, as an individuals self-assessment can easily be unreliable. Metacognition and Self-regulated Learning. You will be able to take stock of what you already know, what you need to Reviewed by: David Scanlon, Boston College. Truly fluent readers can think while reading. While reading. When creating a lesson plan, it is useful to add metacognitive strategies that the students can engage in while learning. For example, they may preview subtitles and bolded words. Successful learners have a repertoire of strategies to select from and can transfer them to new settings (Pressley, Borkowski, & Schneider, 1987). Teaching thinking: A cognitive-behavioral perspective. But active reflection as they encounter new material can helpthey should be looking for gaps in their knowledge, poking at their assumptions about a subject, and contemplating how their thinking syncs with new information. Instructional Strategies for Teaching Problem Solving, Student Assessment in the Classroom: Tools & Methods, PQ4R Method: Read, Reflect, Recite & Review Steps. Reflection is a metacognitive skill that requires a person to think about something that just happened and what changes they need to make in response. A typical description of metacognition in educational literature is that it is thinking about thinking. Constructing understanding requires both cognitive and metacognitive elements. McKeachie, W. J. Hannah Heron, learning behaviours content specialist, introduces a new tool to support pupils metacognitive thinking. The best part? A Metacognition Roadmap. Using metacognition skills increases resilience and teaches the students how to learn on their own. The superpowers they gained (strengths and abilities that have gained in the course). ", When teachers routinely encourage students to think about why a new concept or skill is important to learn, or how it links to the real world, it helps students find their own connections to the material and "add their own spin" in ways that clarify for them why theyre engaging with the work, writes eighth-grade English teacher Cathleen Beachboard. 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In S. F., Chipman, J. W. Segal, & R. Glaser (Eds. Declarative knowledge person knowledge, or understanding ones own capabilities. Dr. John Seaman, a school psychologist in UT, has posted free manuals that educators can use to address learning and social-skills The goal of teaching metacognitive strategies is to foster the students' ability to analyze what they know and understand. Research shows that even children as young as 3 benefit from metacognitive activities, which help them reflect on their own learning and develop higher-order thinking. Planning: In the lesson plan, include time to allow the students to think about the upcoming concept the American Revolution that will be taught in the lesson. The protg effect is a psychological phenomenon where teaching, pretending to teach, or preparing to teach information to others helps a person learn that information. ; The ventral prefrontal cortex is composed of areas BA11, BA13, and BA14. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is composed of the BA8, BA9, BA10, and BA46. "An online learning environment generally requires learners to work more independently and have self-regulatory learning strategies and metacognitive skills to manage their learning," Relyea said. Metacognitive knowledge refers to what individuals know about themselves as cognitive processors, about different approaches that can be used for learning and problem solving, and about the demands of a particular learning task. 1 minute. Metacognition Reading Strategies. To get her students to "identify what they are confused about and then embrace, work on, and wrestle with that confusion as they participate in the learning activities"Kimberly D. Tanner, a professor at San Francisco State University, regularly asks her students to fill out index cards answering the prompt: "What was most confusing to me about the material being explored in class today?" New Books View all. The learning classroom: Theory into practice. Locke's Goal-Setting Theory | Motivation, Model & Application. Self-Efficacy Theory of Motivation | Bandura's Self-Efficacy Theory, Selecting Appropriate Materials & Resources for English Learners, Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach | Concepts, Strategies & Evaluation. It is important to teach students metacognitive skills because this shows the student how to adapt to different learning situations. The results of quantitative study showed that participants utilized more cognitive than metacognitive strategies and that females applied more metacognitive strategies than males. But teaching students how to grapple with new material so they see how it fits into the puzzle of what they already know, how it solidifies concepts, or reveals gaps in their knowledge, is just as important. For example, some teachers think they need to teach metacognitive approaches in learning to learn or thinking skills sessions. On the same paper, students then attempt to define the terms they identified as ones they know or kind of know, giving Alber a roadmap for areas to focus her instruction and giving students a clearer picture of where more work is needed. Joachim Wirth. On October 26th, Dr. Saundra McGuire came to Carleton to assuage our fears and teach us to recognize the difference between studying and learning. The questions can be related to meeting their personal goals; Teach Strategies Directly. Thought and knowledge: An introduction to critical thinking. ; The ventrolateral prefrontal cortex is composed of areas BA45, BA47, and BA44. It helps learners choose the right cognitive tool for the task and plays a critical role in successful learning. The findings of qualitative study indicated that success in listening was related to factors like the Individuals with well-developed metacognitive skills can think through a problem or approach a learning task, select appropriate strategies, and make decisions about a course of action to resolve the problem or successfully perform the task. Finally, another notable benefit of the protg effect, which applies in cases where peers teach one another, is the fact thatpeer-teaching can also be highly beneficial to the students being taught, since they often learn better when their teacher is someone that they are close to in terms of social and cognitive distance. After the lesson, the students return to the KWL and add what they learned. What is Metacognition. Clear learning goals are necessary for students to effectively apply their metacognitive strategies. The protg effect improves your learning process by increasing your metacognitive processing, increasing your use of effective learning strategies, increasing your motivation to learn the material, and increasing your feelings of competence and autonomy. Metacognition, or thinking about ones thinking, is key to facilitating lasting learning experiences and developing lifelong learners. Metacognition is the ability to reflect on ones own cognitive processes and the ability to think about and change your own thought processes. 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