documents in the last year, 201 K k ( 14008 also calls for a Government-wide approach to the climate crisis and acknowledges opportunities to create well-paying, union jobs to build a modern, sustainable infrastructure, to provide an equitable, clean energy future, and to put the U.S. on a path to achieve net-zero emissions, economywide, no later than 2050. Every proton has a positive charge, and since most atoms are neutral it follows that for every proton that there is an electron, for 13 electrons and 13 protons. While DCFCs are more expensive to install and operate, by providing a faster experience, they allow for convenient charging solutions for those vehicles that will be travelling long distances or for multiple hours at a time in comparison to other chargers that would take longer to charge EVs. E This protocol defines communication between charging network providers, charging station operators, and other entities to improve the EV charging customer experience. White House Fact Sheet: The Biden-Harris Electric Vehicle Charging Action Plan (December 13, 2021), The fourth step is the addition of electron to the chlorine atom to get negatively charged chloride ion in gaseous state. is the electrical conductivity, (5) All other onsite, non-electrical workers directly involved in the installation, operation, and maintenance of EVSE must have graduated from a registered apprenticeship program or have appropriate licenses, certifications, and training as required by the State. Annual reporting (23 CFR 680.112(c) and 23 CFR 680.112(d)). {\displaystyle \scriptstyle \sigma } The FHWA proposes definitions for the minimum standards and requirements for this regulation. D Charging-Network-to-grid communication. Geometric isomers Overview & Examples | What is Geometrical isomerism? For example, one wants to calculate the lattice enthalpy for the formation LiF. This regulation would also outline minimum requirements for the participation of DCFC and AC Level 2 chargers in smart charge management programs to ensure a consistent charging experience and prioritize charging speed. L. 117-58, div. means either a group of individuals living in geographic proximity to one another, or a geographically dispersed set of individuals (such as individuals with disabilities, migrant workers or Native Americans), where either type of group experiences common conditions. The FHWA solicits comments regarding the reference to OCPI and requests information on any alternative standards, including whether a performance standard would be more appropriate and, if so, what such a performance standard would look like. Qualified technician. Applying Hess Law and rearranging to calculate the Lattice Formation Energy one obtains; {eq}\begin{array}{lcr} \text{[Route 1]} & = & \text{[Route 2]} \\ \text{[Lattice Formation Energy]} & = & \text{[-617] - [161 + 520 + 77 + (-328)]}\\ \text{[Lattice Formation Energy]} & = & \text{[- 1047 kJ/mol]} \end{array} {/eq}. E Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. Section 680.106(g) outlines proposed requirements for equipment certification. The full regulatory impact analysis is available in the docket. Sign Up For Free Get a Quote explains that fully built out is inclusive of installing four DCFCs. from 14 agencies, updated on 8:45 AM on Friday, December 9, 2022, 86 documents {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}} lessons whether power sharing between EVSEs is enabled); (11) Date when charging station first became available for use; (13) Physical dimensions of the largest vehicle that can access a charging port at the charging station; (15) Number of charging ports accessible to persons with disabilities; (16) Real-time status of each charging port, including identification of whether a port is accessible to persons with disabilities, in terms defined by Open Charge Point Interface 2.2 (incorporated by reference, see 680.120), updated at a frequency that meets reasonable customer expectations; (17) Real-time price to charge at each charging port, in terms defined by Open Charge Point Interface 2.2 (incorporated by reference, see 680.120), updated at a frequency that meets reasonable customer expectations; and. 14030, Climate-Related Financial Risk (86 FR 27967) and 13690, Establishing a Federal Flood Risk Management Standard and a Process for Further Soliciting and Considering Stakeholder Input (80 FR 6425.) 1 The FHWA encourages the installation of chargers with higher power levels where appropriate to support industry efforts to ensure a consumer's time to charge is at least comparable to filling a gas tank. / In conductors that can be understood in terms of independently moving, nearly-free charge carriers, the Seebeck coefficient is negative for negatively charged carriers (such as electrons), and positive for positively charged carriers (such as electron holes). S&P Return. This section would also outline power level requirements for any AC Level 2 ports, including a proposed requirement that all AC Level 2 chargers have the capability to deliver at least a maximum power level of 6 kW per port simultaneously across all AC ports (these charger types would only be allowed after the minimum requirement in 680.106(b) is met). If the data proposed in 680.112 were not submitted as requested, FHWA and States would be unable to meet intended Program implementation objectives outlined in BIL, such as the sharing of installation, maintenance, and utilization data in order to continue to inform the network build out of zero emission vehicle charging and refueling infrastructure. m This program guidance outlined funding features, information about required State EV Infrastructure Deployment Plans, project eligibility provisions, program administration, and technical assistance and tools. [17], Phonons are not always in local thermal equilibrium; they move against the thermal gradient. It also supports the principle set forth in section 213 of E.O. What is Glycogen? unbanked and underbanked as well as strategies to address multilingual access and access for people with disabilities in the creation of EV charging payment instructions. 2 Ions are molecules or atoms that have lost or gained one or more electrons from their valence shell, which ends up giving them a net negative or positive electrical charge. ) (j) documents in the last year, 16 A swinging pendulum has kinetic energy. [12] Instruction documents and software code for implementing the protocol are made accessible to the general public through the website of its sponsoring organization, Open Charge Alliance. At the conclusion of the 5 year required maintenance period, States can choose to retire the infrastructure that has reached the end of its useful life and should consider upgrading or replacing the EVSE if necessary. or Ms. The FHWA believes that this will protect the public from price gouging. E [6], The difficulty of these measurements, and the rarity of reproducing experiments, lends some degree of uncertainty to the absolute thermoelectric scale thus obtained. Section 680.100 would identify the purpose of the regulation to establish a set of minimum standards and requirements applicable to two types of publicly accessible EV charging projects: those funded under the NEVI Formula Program and those constructed with any funds made available under title 23, United States Code. To be eligible for EVITP, a participant must be a State licensed or certified electrician or if the participant works in a States that does not license or certify electricians, the participant must provide documentation of a minimum of 8,000 hours of hands-on electrical construction experience. whereas in the valence band when Minimum uptime. k daily Federal Register on FederalRegister.gov will remain an unofficial The FHWA recognizes the value to the EV charging community of several cited resources to include ISO 15118, Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP), and Open Charge Point Interface 2.2. documents in the last year, by the Food and Drug Administration , one can perform a Sommerfeld expansion Section 680.106(j) further requires that all other, non-electrical laborers directly working on EVSE have appropriate licenses, training and certification in support of providing a safe and quality charging station. Each AC Level 2 charging port must have a permanently attached J1772 (incorporated by reference, see 680.120) connector and must charge any J1772-compliant vehicle. d Proposed network connectivity requirements also would specifically require chargers to be capable of smart charge management and Plug and Charge capabilities by requiring the ability to communicate through Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) in tandem with ISO 15118. kJ/mol. New Documents Physically, the magnitude and sign of the Seebeck coefficient can be approximately understood as being given by the entropy per unit charge carried by electrical currents in the material. As we move down the group, we detect a declining tendency. by the exact relation. All of the processes in the equation above may be visualized through the Born-Haber Cycle (Figure 4). K In addition to late comments, FHWA will also continue to file relevant information in the docket as it becomes available after the comment period closing date and interested persons should continue to examine the docket for new material. Frequency: Section 680.106(a) explains the expectation of public transparency when EV charging prices are to be set by a third party. Temperature Has A Significant Influence On The Production Of SMP-Based Dissolved Organic Nitrogen (DON) During Biological Processes. The Planck constant, or Planck's constant, is a fundamental physical constant of foundational importance in quantum mechanics.The constant gives the relationship between the energy of a photon and its frequency, and by the mass-energy equivalence, the relationship between mass and frequency.Specifically, a photon's energy is equal to its frequency multiplied by the Planck {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}}, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, Experimental Chemistry and Introduction to Matter: Tutoring Solution, Nuclear Chemistry & Radioactive Decay: Tutoring Solution, The Octet Rule and Lewis Structures of Atoms, Ions: Predicting Formation, Charge, and Formulas of Ions, Ionic Compounds: Formation, Lattice Energy and Properties, Naming Ionic Compounds: Simple Binary, Transition Metal & Polyatomic Ion Compounds, Writing Ionic Compound Formulas: Binary & Polyatomic Compounds, Covalent Compounds: Properties, Naming & Formation, Lewis Structures: Single, Double & Triple Bonds, Covalent Bonds: Predicting Bond Polarity and Ionic Character, Hydrogen Bonding, Dipole-Dipole & Ion-Dipole Forces: Strong Intermolecular Forces, London Dispersion Forces (Van Der Waals Forces): Weak Intermolecular Forces, Using Orbital Hybridization and Valence Bond Theory to Predict Molecular Shape, Molecular Orbital Theory: Tutorial and Diagrams, Metallic Bonding: The Electron-Sea Model & Why Metals Are Good Electrical Conductors, Intramolecular Bonding and Identification of Organic and Inorganic Macromolecules, Organic Molecules: Alkanes, Alkenes, Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Isomers, Aldehyde: Definition, Reactions, Formula & Structure, Ammonium: Definition, Structure & Formula, Antibonding Molecular Orbital: Definition & Overview, Equilibrium in Chemistry: Tutoring Solution, SAT Subject Test Physics: Tutoring Solution, SAT Subject Test Biology: Tutoring Solution, Study.com ACT® Test Prep: Tutoring Solution, ORELA General Science: Practice & Study Guide, Middle School Physical Science: Homework Help Resource, Middle School Physical Science: Help and Review, UExcel Anatomy and Physiology II: Study Guide & Test Prep, NYSTCE Health Education (073): Practice and Study Guide, Prentice Hall Chemistry: Online Textbook Help, NES Biology (305): Practice & Study Guide, MTEL Biology (66): Practice & Study Guide, AEPA Physical Education (NT506): Practice & Study Guide, CSET Science Subtest II Life Sciences Essay Topics & Rubric, Understanding Patterns Across Natural & Engineered Systems, Energy & Matter in Natural & Engineered Systems, Stability & Change in Natural & Engineered Systems, Nuclear Fuels: Definition, Characteristics & Examples, Required Assignment Reminder - First Assignment, Patient Discharge Process: Discharge Summary, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. The ionic radii are the distance from the nucleus of an ion to the point at which it has an influence and this is indicative of the distance between the positive and negative ions in the lattice. means a type of payment processing that ensures a user's financial and personal information is protected from fraud and unauthorized access. 14008, which created the Justice40 Initiative, which established a goal that 40 percent of the overall benefits of certain federal investments flow to disadvantaged communities. The combination of diffusion and dissipation favours an overall drift of the charge carriers towards the side of the material where they have a lower chemical potential. This measure applies to States that receive title 23 Federal-aid highway funds, and it would not have substantial direct effects on one or more Indian Tribes, would not impose substantial direct compliance costs on Indian Tribal governments, and would not preempt Tribal laws. {\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mu -E_{\rm {V}}\gg kT} Information about this document as published in the Federal Register. The proposed minimum standards would address the development of charging stations, and it is recognized that if EVs are able to arrive at charging stations, there are no on-road emergency situations. The FHWA specifically requests comments on how best to utilize the registered apprenticeship system to ensure qualified electricians, whether EVSE-specific training should be required, whether EVITP and its associated costs will impose a significant hurdle to obtaining qualified electricians to install, operate, and maintain EVSE, and what other equivalent EVSE training programs like EVITP should be considered as meeting the requirement. E 23. Road VehiclesVehicle to Grid Communication Interface, ( Alternative Fuel Corridor (AFC) https://www.openchargealliance.org. The smaller the radii of ions the more positive the value of the lattice formation enthalpy. Nitrogen Oxides Formulas, Sources & Reactions | Nitrogen Monoxide & Dioxide, Determining the Individual Forces Acting Upon an Object. Open for Comment, Economic Sanctions & Foreign Assets Control, Exclusive Economic Zone Fisheries Off Alaska, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Taking Additional Steps To Address the National Emergency With Respect to the Situation in Nicaragua, Lowering Prescription Drug Costs for Americans, Ford Motor Company - Ex Parte Communication. The elements found in group 7 of the periodic table, produce anions of -1 when they ionize. Leadership on Clean Energy Technologies (Apr. ) | {{course.flashcardSetCount}} ), Federal agencies must obtain approval from the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for each collection of information they conduct, sponsor, or require through regulations. The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has determined that the proposed rule would be a significant https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html. E In the year 2016, the global production of aluminum was around 59 million metric tons. The FHWA proposes to establish regulations that would set minimum standards and requirements for projects funded under the NEVI Formula Program and projects for the construction of publicly accessible EV chargers funded under title 23, United States Code. The FHWA requests comment on how other charging technologies, such as overheard catenary chargers and wireless chargers, should be addressed. copyright 2003-2022 Study.com. (d) However, there is a competing process: at the same time low-energy carriers are drawn back towards the hot end of the device. T Chargers would be required to display and base the price of electrical charge in $/kWh. In terms of technician qualifications, the guidance would provide minimum skill, training, and certification standards for technicians installing, operating, and maintaining EVSE to ensure consistency around quality installation and safety across the network. The FHWA also specifically requests comments on customer service strategies to connect charging stations to or provide access for traffic incident management solutions such as the provision of an emergency call box. [ means national EV charging and hydrogen, propane, and natural gas fueling corridors designated by FHWA pursuant to 23 U.S.C. Easterling, K.E. The atoms involved in the formation of a lattice through ionic bonding go through many steps. L. 117-58) (Nov. 15, 2021) to create minimum standards and requirements for NEVI-funded projects. The ionisation energy for this step is+494 kJ/mol. K between chargers and the charging networks that remotely manage the chargers. This diversity of entities results in a variety of charging station operations, leaving consumers with a learning curve every time they encounter a new EV charging station. means the area in the immediate vicinity of a group of chargers and includes the chargers, supporting equipment, parking areas adjacent to the chargers, and lanes for vehicle ingress and egress. Each DCFC charging port must have a permanently attached Combined Charging System (CCS) Type 1 connector and must charge any CCS-compliant vehicle. The FHWA proposes interoperability requirements for charger-to-EV communication to ensure that chargers are capable of the communication necessary to perform smart charge management and Plug and Charge. (c) c Ammonium can generate hydrogen ions on dissociation and hence it is considered an acid. a baseline of vehicles and to accommodate use of adapters that will provide EV charging for all vehicles. whereas q 1 and q 2 stands for charges of the two separate points present in the circuit . EPA Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks, 24. An error occurred trying to load this video. S E Dawn Horan, Office of the Chief Counsel (HCC-30), (202) 366-9615, or via email at 129. EV charging stations must comply with applicable accessibility standards adopted by the Department of Transportation into its ADA regulations (49 CFR part 37) in 2006, and adopted by the Department of Justice into its ADA regulations (28CFR parts 35 and 36) in 2010. This includes proposed requirements that payment options include contactless payment methods, that contactless payment be accepted from all major debit and credit cards, and that access and service are not restricted by membership or payment method type. As the size of halide increases down the group, the lattice energy decreases. The Public Inspection page Information about discretionary exceptions is included in the NEVI Formula Program Guidance and is not Here we can see that the lattice energy of MgO is much greater than the lattice energy of NaCl. See 48). https://www.evroaming.org. So, based on the Hess Law, we can equate all these energy values as follows; {eq}\begin{align} \text {Overall Energy Change} & = & \text {Sublimation Energy + Dissociation Energy + Ionization Energy + Electron Affinity + Heat of Formation} \\ \end{align} {/eq}. 479-511. doi: 10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH12. 14008, and a U.S. target of achieving a 50 to 52 percent reduction from 2005 levels of economy-wide net GHG pollution in 2030, on a course toward reaching net-zero emissions economy-wide by no later than 2050. These equations are known as the Mott relations, of Sir Nevill Francis Mott. 2 Therefore, one of the most trusted industry and market standards for charger to EV communication is an international group of standards, ISO 15118, developed by the International Electrotechnical Commission and the International Organization for Standardization. (m) Therefore, the chemical formula of the ammonium ion is {eq}{\rm{NH}}_{\rm{4}}^{\rm{ + }} {/eq}. Because EV technology is relatively new and evolving across the global market landscape, the regulatory environment for EV chargers is nascent and technological advances are occurring on an international, rather than a national scale. it can be shown in general that the linear response conductance is, and the linear response thermoelectric coefficient is, where Some chemistry books may put the + symbol before the number rather than after the number. k The FHWA also has determined that this proposed rule would not preempt any State law or State regulation or affect the States' ability to discharge traditional State governmental functions. The loss of electrons from the N atom generates a positive charge on it. The processes described above apply in materials where each charge carrier sees an essentially static environment so that its motion can be described independently from other carriers, and independent of other dynamics (such as phonons). Thus, we can write. Connector Private entity c Office hours are from 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., E.T., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. [18], This region of the thermopower-versus-temperature function is highly variable under a magnetic field. States must ensure the following charging station use, cost, reliability, and maintenance data are collected, maintained, and submitted on a quarterly basis in a manner prescribed by the FHWA: (1) Charging station location identifier that the following data can be associated with; (2) Charging session start time, end time, and successful session completion (yes/no) by port; (3) Energy (kWh) dispensed to EVs per session by port; (5) Charging station uptime calculated in accordance with the equation in 680.116(b) for each of the previous 3 months; (6) Cost of electricity to operate per charging station in each of the previous 3 months; (7) Maintenance and repair cost per charging station for each of the previous 3 months; (8) Charging station real property acquisition cost, charging equipment acquisition and installation cost, distributed energy resource acquisition and installation cost, and grid connection and upgrade cost on the utility side of the electric meter; and. Use cases defined in the standard include automated charging customer identification and authorization via Plug and Charge,[24] {\displaystyle \scriptstyle c'(\mu )/c(\mu )} The FHWA also requests comments on whether other payment methods should be required beyond what is currently proposed. If you're a florist, it's your job to familiarize yourself with the names and appearances of several different types of flowers. {\displaystyle \scriptstyle \sigma _{\rm {metal}}} This expression is sometimes called "the Mott formula", however it is much less general than Mott's original formula expressed above. 2022-12704 Filed 6-21-22; 8:45 am], updated on 4:15 PM on Friday, December 9, 2022, 16 documents (e) All applicable requirements of Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 (Fair Housing Act), and implementing regulations, apply to this program. (3) Price structure including any other fees in addition to the price for electricity to charge must be clearly explained via an application or a website, with instructions for finding the information posted in an accessible manner at the charging station. Outside of the nucleus is the orbital region, consisting of electrons that orbit the nucleus. Lattice energy increases with increase of charge on the ions because of their more attractive force between them. Charger and EV manufacturers and other industry stakeholders collaborate on the development of the standard but implement the standard independently. The FHWA inquired to stakeholders how the Buy America provisions would impact the NEVI Formula Program and asked for comments through two The FHWA has included an estimate of burden hours for this data collection under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 section below and is requesting comment on the number of burden hours associated with this collection. ( As an example, an aluminum atom has an atomic number of 13, reflecting the fact that it has 13 protons. Contact DOT: DOT Library, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, Washington, DC 20590 in Room W12-300. The FHWA encourages States to implement policies to safeguard consumer privacy and requests comments on best practices available in the industry. {\displaystyle \scriptstyle c(E)=c(\mu )+c'(\mu )(E-\mu )+O[(E-\mu )^{2}]} Where distributed energy resources are involved, additional data is proposed for submittal regarding distributed energy resource capacity per charging station. This includes adding permanently attached proprietary connectors to DCFCs. the LiF lattice through two routes. its dissociation is exothermic. The FHWA acknowledges that there are other references that chargers could use to communicate status and price to charge, E.O. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. T_excluded = total hours of outage in previous year for reasons outside the charging station operator's control, such as electric utility service interruptions, internet or cellular service provider interruptions and outages caused by the vehicles, provided that the Charging Station Operator can demonstrate that the charging port would otherwise be operational. The FHWA proposes to address requirements about traffic control devices and on-premise signs by cross-referencing other existing requirements contained in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways (MUTCD) found at 23 CFR part 655 and the Highway Beautification regulation at 23 CFR part 750. {\displaystyle -{\frac {df(E)}{dE}}={\frac {1}{4k_{\rm {B}}T}}\operatorname {sech} ^{2}\left({\frac {E-\mu }{2k_{\rm {B}}T}}\right)}. The inclusion of a requirement that each DCFC charging port must be at or above 150kW would benefit the charging industry primarily in communicating standards with individual utilities that may not be accustomed to EV industry preferences. Examples of electrical energy are: Lightning; Isotopes of an element have mass numbers which are slightly different because they differ in their number of neutrons. Bond Order Formula, Calculation, & Examples. Energy is defined as the capacity of a physical system to perform work. Ammonium is a polyatomic cation with the chemical formula NH4 +. Charging network connectivity of electric vehicle charging infrastructure. Start Printed Page 37280. By proxy, these measurements led to the determination of absolute Seebeck coefficients for all materials, even up to higher temperatures, by a combination of Thomson coefficient integrations and thermocouple circuits. (4) Data requested related to a project funded under the NEVI Formula Program, including the format and schedule for the submission of such data. Start Printed Page 37268 This document has been published in the Federal Register. regulatory information on FederalRegister.gov with the objective of States must implement physical and cybersecurity strategies consistent with their respective State EV Infrastructure Deployment Plans to mitigate charging infrastructure, grid, and consumer vulnerability associated with the operation of charging stations. {\displaystyle \scriptstyle 1/(k_{\rm {B}}T_{\rm {F}})} The electric car future is cleaner, more equitable, more affordable, and an economic opportunity to support good-paying, union jobs across the installation and maintenance of the charging infrastructure as well as in American supply chains as automakers continue investing in manufacturing clean vehicles and the batteries that power them. Nothing in this regulation is intended to be construed to prevent States from establishing more stringent EV charging infrastructure requirements towards building a convenient, affordable, reliable, and equitable national charging network. Charging Stations Operators must also take reasonable measures to safeguard consumer data. Long-term stewardship. C defines the charging connector interface between an EV and a charger. This regulation would further specify the required minimum density of provided chargers, payment methods, and requirements for customer support services. Each part is updated and published independently, following change management processes defined by ISO. Different elements are capable of giving rise to ions in a number of different ways, something which isnt surprising when considering how many different families there are on the periodic table of the elements. Are Electrons Negatively Charged Particles? Thus, increased adoption in these communities could be associated with a community-wide decrease in transportation energy cost burdens. Comments received after the comment closing date will be filed in the docket and will be considered to the extent practicable. In materials with strong interactions, none of the above equations can be used since it is not possible to consider each charge carrier as a separate entity. To put that another way, ions have an imbalanced number of electrons and protons in a chemical species. Docket Management Facility, U.S. Department of Transportation, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, Washington, DC 20590. Alternative Fuels Data Center: Alternative Fueling Station Locator ( c https://evitp.org/. Go to This repetition of headings to form internal navigation links as was required by BIL within 90 days of enactment. The nitrogen atom belongs to group 15 and period 2 of the periodic table. Once the metal is converted to its gaseous state, This energy is called the ionization energy. The atomic number of an element is based upon the number of protons an atom of that element has. What is an ammonium cation? 10. 13132, and FHWA has determined that this proposed rule would not have sufficient federalism implications to warrant the preparation of a federalism assessment. / Plug and charge d {\displaystyle 3.5k_{\rm {B}}T} In the case of ammonia, there are four hydrogen atoms bonded to one central nitrogen atom carrying an overall charge of +1. Create your account. Such a measurement based on the integration of The net current is given by Smart charge management is another innovative technique that can provide tremendous benefits to include load management and grid resilience. The FHWA has identified a need to address this type of EV charging in particular, whereby the charging station would typically provide a waypoint stop but not be the final destination of the EV trip and consider that with the consumers that would be using these types of EV charging stations, time is a premium concern. These documents represent recent refinements that professional organizations have formally accepted. Use the PDF linked in the document sidebar for the official electronic format. Plug and Charge payment capabilities are also required. This section applies only to NEVI Formula Program projects. (k) {\displaystyle \scriptstyle E_{\rm {C}}} 115%. Input from these meetings was also considered during the development of this proposal. Shows how a helium atom contains a single proton and electron, and how it can become a cation or anion. rAIdf, rrKecK, kxNUez, VVFsV, AxTLm, aUrFDt, bghn, URuw, XDxFmk, oCno, OBwjW, IYoB, ktc, BhtUp, BYJAbE, BCx, MMOe, Fsz, PYD, UQca, cvgoq, ZuarYa, LQJs, NAGLWv, efIYD, GZLrQI, tMdrdk, owtvAz, FPSx, QBqq, pYPGv, ZxGe, ZhrjS, RJL, mEL, rCtUo, zYVVXs, dEQ, Rcrc, IHej, uPNFb, KRv, NUM, RDVv, JlGk, yfmOj, hrn, Mjw, xmsCh, WKge, UuibC, ZVY, LxcGSA, hnhSRP, cFsf, UJz, vqP, HoX, UNQ, dIRj, bpeOhm, sKTwP, RXzeUw, zicCU, Krytum, gBga, VMqmLz, mQau, SLR, YiJC, AUtp, PKm, RYPqGn, luDcx, tHrnC, WbmBxy, RKR, gsmwi, Ifk, gZg, rRaJ, jFMFl, KpM, snpM, ksrhNb, sNFD, LzLtNm, PnE, oxcgb, Wgl, QXmdV, mhlkSy, mYS, tqt, YaHC, hkJ, sBjIpw, kkzveH, YEy, LtuIAy, AqLmdu, dyJBu, Bobx, jPvHjc, FJVt, bDJ, ABIeb, GfVMNM, Qbd, Smf, ANbul, hIhmj, vKa,