A 22 year-old college cross-country runner developed hip and groin pain that initially started while running, but is now painful when walking across campus. Odontoid process fracture, also known as a peg or dens fracture, occurs where there is a fracture through the odontoid process of C2. This results in valgus pronation stress with the radial head forcibly pushed against the capitulum of the humerus 1,2. Anterior glenohumeral dislocation will lead to impaction of the posterolateral humeral head and anterior glenoid rim. The fracture is seen on lateral radiographs as an oblique lucency through the spinous process, usually of C7. It assesses the pattern of fractures, involvement of the radioulnar joint and presence of a distal ulnar fracture.. Insufficiency fractures are a type of stress fracture, which are the result of normal stresses on abnormal bone. -, fractures involving a single facial buttress, Meyers and McKeevers classification (anterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture), Watson-Jones classification (tibial tuberosity avulsion fracture), Nunley-Vertullo classification (Lisfranc injury), pelvis and lower limb fractures by region, occipital condyle and occipital cervical junction. Coronoid process fractures have been classified into three types within the Regan and Morrey classification system 1:. 4. Originally described in Australia, among clay shovelers. He denies any fevers or chills. (OBQ13.39) Avulsion at its tibial insertion is the most common PCL isolated lesion (~50%) 1. Hip arthroscopic evaluation and labral repair, Irrigation and debridement with course of intravenous antibiotics, 2023 Bobby Menges Memorial HSS Limb Reconstruction Course, Type in at least one full word to see suggestions list, Knee & SportsFemoral Neck Stress Fractures. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 11 Dec 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-2185. PubMed comprises more than 34 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. type I: non-displaced 2; type II: upward displacement of the posterior aspect of the avulsed tibial bone fragment 2; type III: totally displaced avulsed bone There is no associated bone fragment. It is also sometimes termed the dorsal type Barton fracture to distinguish it from the volar type or reverse Barton fracture. Traditionally this avulsion fracture has been ascribed to the insertion of peroneus brevis and is caused by forcible inversion of the foot in plantar flexion, as may occur while stepping on a curb or climbing steps. Low-risk sites of a stress fracture are at low risk of complications and are under compressive stresses 10,11: ribs. Reiser M, Baur-Melnyk A. Musculoskeletal Imaging. Fracture of the coronoid process is thought to result from elbow hyperextension with either avulsion of the brachialis tendon insertion or shearing off by the trochlea 1.. Non-operative management has good results in undisplaced fractures without a mechanical block 5. semitendinosus. Musculoskeletal Imaging, A Concise Multimodality Approach. Examples of soft tissue injuries include: vascular. local osteolysis. These type of fractures are more common in children, especially aged 5-10 years, due to the elasticity of their bones. Classification. The term "hangman fracture" was introduced by Schneider in 1965 5. Radiologic history exhibit. The fracture extends proximally in a variable oblique direction (from essentially transverse to almost sagittal) from the distal radial articular surface through the lateral cortex of the distal radius, thus separating the radial styloid from the rest of the radius 4,5. Thank you. gluteus maximus. When a fracture is identified, a careful search for adjacent soft tissue injury should be undertaken. Looser zones are also a type of insufficiency fracture. Protas JM, Kornblatt BA. Ultrasound. This fracture most commonly occurs about the upper lumbar spine (with the thoracolumbar junction accounting for ~50% of cases 3), but it may be observed in the mid lumbar region in children. Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research. In children, these injuries are believed to occur due to sudden traction on the common extensor origin by the extensor musculature. Associations Mechanism. Differential diagnosis {"url":"/signup-modal-props.json?lang=us\u0026email="}, Datir A, Weerakkody Y, Rasuli B, et al. Originally described in Australia, among clay shovelers. ADVERTISEMENT: Supporters see fewer/no ads, Please Note: You can also scroll through stacks with your mouse wheel or the keyboard arrow keys. Unable to process the form. ADVERTISEMENT: Radiopaedia is free thanks to our supporters and advertisers. The Salter-Harris classification was proposed by Salter and Harris in 1963 1 and at the time of writing (June 2016) remains the most widely used system for describing physeal fractures.. The mechanism of injury is variable, and can occur both during flexion or extension, and with or without compression 5. Cannulated screw fixation is indicated for, energy deficiency (energy expenditure > caloric intake), repetitive loading of femoral neck exceeds elastic properties of bone causing microscopic fracture, continuous microscopic fractures exceed osteoblastic activity resulting in stress fracture, amenorrhea, eating disorder, and osteoporosis, must be considered in any female athlete with stress fracture, hormonal dysregulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, decrease in estrogen levels which is necessary for osteoblast maturation, increased osteoclast activity relative to osteoblast activity, oral-contraceptives use increases bone mineral density, associated with 50% of FNF stress fractures, strongest part of femoral neck with dense bone along posteromedial neck, composed of lateral (superior) and medial (inferior) fibrous branches, insert onto AIIS and extends out to IT line forming Y-shaped ligament of Bigelow, reinforce capsule during ER and extension, inserts on ischium posteroinferior to acetabular rim and attaches to posterior IT line, reinforce capsule during IR in neutral and flexion-adduction positions, inserts on superior pubic ramus and insert onto femur (with medial iliofemoral and inferior ischiofemoral ligaments), reinforcing inferior capsule to restrict excessive abduction and ER during hip extension, induce highest tensile strain in proximal-posterior neck cortex, lowest potential to load femoral neck due to low hip reaction force generated by rectus, only hip-spanning muscle of knee extensor muscle group, highest compressive strain in proximal-posterior neck cortex and tensile strain in anterior neck, induced highest compressive strain in distal and superolateral neck, greater displacement of fracture leads to greater risk of disruption of vascular supply, 3-5x body weight across femoral neck with jogging, compressive forces occur primarily along inferior femoral neck near calcar region, microfracture propagates at 45 deg of applied forces leading to more stable oblique pattern, bending forces along superolateral neck are stabilized by abductor forces, adbuctors fatigue and fracture propagates at 90 deg of cortex, Femoral Neck Stress Fracture Classifications, Low grade II: Endosteal edema >6 mm + no fracture, pain increases with repetitive weight-bearing activities, completion of fracture may be associated with cracking or popping and inability to bear weight, tenderness directly over groin region (62%), pain with straight leg raise, log roll, or axial load, may take 6-8 weeks to see radiographic changes, modality of choice when radiographs are negative, periosteal or bone marrow edema on STIR or fat-suppressed T2, line of decrease of intensity on T1 coronal corresponding with signal on T2 and STIR, negative radiographs with contraindication to MRI, uptake due to increased metabolic activity secondary to bone remodeling, generally older patients with limited motion, particularly IR, radiographs with joint space narrowing and subchondral sclerosis, hip pain and snapping in young active patient commonly with FAI, significant clinical overlap with labral tears, FAI, and hip dysplasia, MRI can detect chondral defect and loose bodies, athlete with more sudden onset of hip pain and tenderness over rectus near AIIS, pain with resisted hip flexion or extension, history of irradiation, trauma, sickle-cell, steroids, alcoholism, lupus, and other risk factors, radiographic findings showing sclerotic changes, crescent sign, or flattening of femoral head, insidious onset with night time pain worse with EtOH and improves with NSAIDs, radiographs with reactive bone around central nidus, pain is more positional than activity-related, may be associated with back pain, paresthesias and positive SLR, non-weight bearing and activity restriction, compression side stress fractures + fracture line <50% width, tension side stress changes with no fracture line (MRI), 75-100% heal and can return to activity if correct indications met, compression side stress fractures with fatigue line >50% femoral neck width, compression side stress fracture with hip effusion, 8x increase risk of progression with presence of hip effusion, progression of compression side stress fractures, inverted triangle using three cannulated screws (7.0 or 7.3 mm), similar outcomes versus lower-risk FNSF treated nonoperative, effectively prevent progression to displaced fracture, more likely to result in military seperation, lower return to activity following ORIF for displaced FNSF than nondisplaced, increase 25% body weight per week until full painless full weight-bearing, three cannulated screws in inverted triangle generally preferred over two, inferior calcar provides higher load to failure, starting point should be at or above lesser trochanter to avoid stress riser, screws should be parallel with maximal spread, threads should be in head fragment and not crossing fracture line, washer may be used to stop the screw head from penetrating greater trochanter, internervous plane is femoral and superior gluteal nerve (SGN), tensor fascia lata (SGN) and sartorius (femoral), gluteus medius (SGN) and rectus femoris (femoral), reduction via anterior approach followed by separate lateral incision for implant insertion, anterior approach allow for better direct visualization of entire femoral neck, tensor fascia lata (SGN) and gluteus medius (SGN), reduction and insertion of implant performed through same approach, limited visualization of subcapital neck region, anatomic reduction is paramount to mitigate risk of osteonecrosis, early surgical intervention also reduces risk of AVN, consider autologous bone graft to mitigate nonunion risk, hip effusion associated with 8x risk of progression, size of fracture not associated with progression, factors associated with AVN in displaced FNSFs, core decompression or vascularize free-fibula graft, case reports following nonoperative treatment, likely for fracture to progress and displace, high athletic ability or demand (versus recreational athletes), Spontaneous Osteonecrosis of the Knee (SONK), Osgood Schlatter's Disease (Tibial Tubercle Apophysitis), Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS) Avulsion, Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine Avulsion (AIIS), Concussions (Mild Traumatic Brain Injury). 5. Repeat dislocations can lead to further bony defects in both the humeral head and glenoid and the engaging HillSachs defect is associated with decreased glenoid bone stock, glenoid rim fracture, and chronic instability 14. Classification. It is important to assess the radiograph for a joint effusion and where one exists, to take extra care in the assessment of the radial head. There is usually significant displacement. With this mechanism, the anterior tibiofibular ligament avulses the anterolateral corner of the distal tibial epiphysis 3. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) avulsion fracture or tibial eminence avulsion fracture is a type of avulsion fracture of the knee. They are distinct from a lateral condyle fracture which is a very different fracture despite the similar name. Potential mechanisms: violent knee flexion against a tight contraction quadriceps, e.g. The mechanism of injury is variable, and can occur both during flexion or extension, and with or without compression 5. 4. 5. The reason is due to the stickiness of clay. Typically caused by injuries from sporting activities involving jumping, most commonly basketball. type 1: avulsion of the tip of the coronoid process The Salter-Harris classification was proposed by Salter and Harris in 1963 1 and at the time of writing (June 2016) remains the most widely used system for describing physeal fractures.. In children, these injuries are believed to occur due to sudden traction on the common extensor origin by the extensor musculature. Even when a fracture cannot be identified, the presence of joint effusion in adults should be treated as a non-displaced radial head fracture. Check for errors and try again. Pathology Nasal bone fractures, when isolated, are most commonly displaced fractures of one of (2004) ISBN: 1588902196, 3. Pathology Nasal bone fractures, when isolated, are most commonly displaced fractures of one of Salter-Harris type I fractures describe a fracture that is completely contained within the physis. Examples of soft tissue injuries include: vascular. Anderson and D'Alonzo Odontoid fracture. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 11 Dec 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-2017, {"containerId":"expandableQuestionsContainer","displayRelatedArticles":true,"displayNextQuestion":true,"displaySkipQuestion":true,"articleId":2017,"questionManager":null,"mcqUrl":"https://radiopaedia.org/articles/salter-harris-classification/questions/1997?lang=us"}. On plain film, dorsal avulsion injuries are best detected on a lateral projection, where typically an avulsed flake of bone is identified lying posteriorly to the triquetral bone (see pooping duck sign). neurological disorders. Tibial Shaft Stress FX induce highest tensile strain in proximal-posterior neck cortex and compressive strain in anterior neck. semitendinosus. {"url":"/signup-modal-props.json?lang=us\u0026email="}, Gaillard F, Knipe H, Glick Y, et al. The fracture commonly results from an abduction-external rotation mechanism. arterial dissection, occlusion or rupture. Plain radiograph. Dorsal avulsion fracture. The Frykman classification of distal radial fractures is based on the AP appearance and encompasses the eponymous entities of Colles fracture, Smith fracture, Barton fracture, chauffeur fracture.. Spinal fractures are usually the result of significant trauma to a normally formed skeleton or the result of trauma to a weakened spinal column. Location. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2. PubMed comprises more than 34 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Little J, Klionsky N, Chaturvedi A, Soral A, Chaturvedi A. Pediatric Distal Forearm and Wrist Injury: An Imaging Review. A 24-year-old female marathon runner experiences gradual onset of right groin pain. Trace the cortex of each bone paying particular attention to regions that are superimposed such as the fibular head or patella. Differential diagnosis Barton fractures extend through the dorsal aspect to the articular surface but not to the volar aspect. Barker L, Anderson J, Chesnut R, Nesbit G, Tjauw T, Hart R. Reliability and Reproducibility of Dens Fracture Classification with Use of Plain Radiography and Reformatted Computer-Aided Tomography. The lateral epiphyseal involvement is due to growth plate fusion commencing from medial to lateral aspect. Pathology. Trimalleolar fractures refer to a three-part fracture of the ankle. scapular fracture; clavicle fracture; distal radial fracture (especially Colles fracture) Treatment and prognosis. 1. His surgical sites are well healed and there are no signs of drainage. The anterior and middle columns fail in compression, and the posterior column fails in distraction. Most authors regard it as a type 4 Salter-Harris fracture. scapular fracture; clavicle fracture; distal radial fracture (especially Colles fracture) Treatment and prognosis. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 11 Dec 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-1951, {"containerId":"expandableQuestionsContainer","displayRelatedArticles":true,"displayNextQuestion":true,"displaySkipQuestion":true,"articleId":1951,"questionManager":null,"mcqUrl":"https://radiopaedia.org/articles/radial-head-fractures/questions/1938?lang=us"}. Operative reduction and internal fixation, Gustilo Anderson classification (compound fracture), Anderson and Montesano classification of occipital condyle fractures, Traynelis classification of atlanto-occipital dissociation, longitudinal versus transverse petrous temporal bone fracture, naso-orbitoethmoid (NOE) complex fracture, cervical spine fracture classification systems, AO classification of upper cervical injuries, subaxial cervical spine injury classification (SLIC), thoracolumbar spinal fracture classification systems, AO classification of thoracolumbar injuries, thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score (TLICS), Rockwood classification (acromioclavicular joint injury), Neer classification (proximal humeral fracture), AO classification (proximal humeral fracture), AO/OTA classification of distal humeral fractures, Milch classification (lateral humeral condyle fracture), Weiss classification (lateral humeral condyle fracture), Bado classification of Monteggia fracture-dislocations (radius-ulna), Mason classification (radial head fracture), Frykman classification (distal radial fracture), Hintermann classification (gamekeeper's thumb), Eaton classification (volar plate avulsion injury), Keifhaber-Stern classification (volar plate avulsion injury), Judet and Letournel classification (acetabular fracture), Harris classification (acetebular fracture), Young and Burgess classification of pelvic ring fractures, Pipkin classification (femoral head fracture), American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Cooke and Newman classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Johansson classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Vancouver classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Winquist classification (femoral shaft fracture), Schatzker classification (tibial plateau fracture), AO classification of distal femur fractures, Lauge-Hansen classification (ankle injury), Danis-Weber classification (ankle fracture), Berndt and Harty classification (osteochondral lesions of the talus), Sanders CT classification (calcaneal fracture), Hawkins classification (talar neck fracture), anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) avulsion, anterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture, posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture, avulsion fracture of the proximal 5th metatarsal. Shoulder and Elbow Trauma. Epidemiology. As the physiological closure of the physeal plate begins medially, the lateral (open) physis is prone to this type of fracture. Epidemiology. The fractures involve the medial malleolus, the posterior aspect of the tibial plafond (referred to as the posterior malleolus) and the lateral malleolus. Associations Prominent cervical vertebral venous channels, osteoporotic vs pathological vertebral fractures, cervical spine fracture classification systems, AO Spine classification of upper cervical injuries, AO Spine classification of subaxial injuries, subaxial cervical spine injury classification (SLIC) system, thoracolumbar spinal fracture classification systems, AO Spine classification of thoracolumbar injuries, thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score (TLICS), AO Spine classification of sacral injuries, anterior subluxation of the cervical spine, Gustilo Anderson classification (compound fracture), Anderson and Montesano classification of occipital condyle fractures, Traynelis classification of atlanto-occipital dissociation, longitudinal versus transverse petrous temporal bone fracture, naso-orbitoethmoid (NOE) complex fracture, AO classification of upper cervical injuries, subaxial cervical spine injury classification (SLIC), AO classification of thoracolumbar injuries, Rockwood classification (acromioclavicular joint injury), Neer classification (proximal humeral fracture), AO classification (proximal humeral fracture), AO/OTA classification of distal humeral fractures, Milch classification (lateral humeral condyle fracture), Weiss classification (lateral humeral condyle fracture), Bado classification of Monteggia fracture-dislocations (radius-ulna), Mason classification (radial head fracture), Frykman classification (distal radial fracture), Hintermann classification (gamekeeper's thumb), Eaton classification (volar plate avulsion injury), Keifhaber-Stern classification (volar plate avulsion injury), Judet and Letournel classification (acetabular fracture), Harris classification (acetebular fracture), Young and Burgess classification of pelvic ring fractures, Pipkin classification (femoral head fracture), American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Cooke and Newman classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Johansson classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Vancouver classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Winquist classification (femoral shaft fracture), Schatzker classification (tibial plateau fracture), AO classification of distal femur fractures, Lauge-Hansen classification (ankle injury), Danis-Weber classification (ankle fracture), Berndt and Harty classification (osteochondral lesions of the talus), Sanders CT classification (calcaneal fracture), Hawkins classification (talar neck fracture), anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) avulsion, anterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture, posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture, avulsion fracture of the proximal 5th metatarsal, occipital condyle and occipital cervical junction, fractures involving a single facial buttress, Meyers and McKeevers classification (anterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture), Watson-Jones classification (tibial tuberosity avulsion fracture), Nunley-Vertullo classification (Lisfranc injury), pelvis and lower limb fractures by region. Gustilo Anderson classification (compound fracture), Anderson and Montesano classification of occipital condyle fractures, Traynelis classification of atlanto-occipital dissociation, longitudinal versus transverse petrous temporal bone fracture, naso-orbitoethmoid (NOE) complex fracture, cervical spine fracture classification systems, AO classification of upper cervical injuries, subaxial cervical spine injury classification (SLIC), thoracolumbar spinal fracture classification systems, AO classification of thoracolumbar injuries, thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score (TLICS), Rockwood classification (acromioclavicular joint injury), Neer classification (proximal humeral fracture), AO classification (proximal humeral fracture), AO/OTA classification of distal humeral fractures, Milch classification (lateral humeral condyle fracture), Weiss classification (lateral humeral condyle fracture), Bado classification of Monteggia fracture-dislocations (radius-ulna), Mason classification (radial head fracture), Frykman classification (distal radial fracture), Hintermann classification (gamekeeper's thumb), Eaton classification (volar plate avulsion injury), Keifhaber-Stern classification (volar plate avulsion injury), Judet and Letournel classification (acetabular fracture), Harris classification (acetebular fracture), Young and Burgess classification of pelvic ring fractures, Pipkin classification (femoral head fracture), American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Cooke and Newman classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Johansson classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Vancouver classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Winquist classification (femoral shaft fracture), Schatzker classification (tibial plateau fracture), AO classification of distal femur fractures, Lauge-Hansen classification (ankle injury), Danis-Weber classification (ankle fracture), Berndt and Harty classification (osteochondral lesions of the talus), Sanders CT classification (calcaneal fracture), Hawkins classification (talar neck fracture), anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) avulsion, anterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture, posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture, avulsion fracture of the proximal 5th metatarsal. The fracture is seen on lateral radiographs as an oblique lucency through the spinous process, usually of C7. The patient walks with an antalgic gait. This fracture most commonly occurs about the upper lumbar spine (with the thoracolumbar junction accounting for ~50% of cases 3), but it may be observed in the mid lumbar region in children. The Medical Services Advisory Committee (MSAC) is an independent non-statutory committee established by the Australian Government Minister for Health in 1998. PubMed Journals helped people follow the latest biomedical literature by making it easier to find and follow journals, browse new articles, and included a Journal News Feed to track new arrivals news links, trending articles and important article updates. Epidemiology. ADVERTISEMENT: Supporters see fewer/no ads, Please Note: You can also scroll through stacks with your mouse wheel or the keyboard arrow keys. Pal D, Sell P, Grevitt M. Type II Odontoid Fractures in the Elderly: An Evidence-Based Narrative Review of Management. The patient walks with an antalgic gait. Obere Extremitt. A 20-year-old male marathoner has had left sided groin pain for the past 4 weeks. History and etymology. Radiopaedia.org, the wiki-based collaborative Radiology resource Intimate partner violence should be considered in patients where the clinical details do not match the fracture, or the injury occurs in an intimate setting 7. neurological disorders. (OBQ18.241) A 28-year-old male that sustained a closed left femoral shaft fracture 12 months ago and underwent intramedullary nailing presents with persistent pain in the right thigh. (OBQ11.184) He denies any fevers or chills. However, posteriorly, the pericapsular fat is usually hidden in the olecranon groove and fossa, and its presence is indicative of fluid in the joint seen as a sail sign. Pathology. For example, someone who lives alone may not be able to do so without the use of one arm. hamstring muscles. Elbow effusions are best seen on a lateral projection, where fluid in the joint capsule elevates the pericapsular fat. He denies any fevers or chills. Repeat dislocations can lead to further bony defects in both the humeral head and glenoid and the engaging HillSachs defect is associated with decreased glenoid bone stock, glenoid rim fracture, and chronic instability 14. fracture through the physis Figure 1: Anderson and D'Alzonzo classification, Figure 2: Anderson and D'Alonzo classification, Gustilo Anderson classification (compound fracture), Anderson and Montesano classification of occipital condyle fractures, Traynelis classification of atlanto-occipital dissociation, longitudinal versus transverse petrous temporal bone fracture, naso-orbitoethmoid (NOE) complex fracture, cervical spine fracture classification systems, AO classification of upper cervical injuries, subaxial cervical spine injury classification (SLIC), thoracolumbar spinal fracture classification systems, AO classification of thoracolumbar injuries, thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score (TLICS), Rockwood classification (acromioclavicular joint injury), Neer classification (proximal humeral fracture), AO classification (proximal humeral fracture), AO/OTA classification of distal humeral fractures, Milch classification (lateral humeral condyle fracture), Weiss classification (lateral humeral condyle fracture), Bado classification of Monteggia fracture-dislocations (radius-ulna), Mason classification (radial head fracture), Frykman classification (distal radial fracture), Hintermann classification (gamekeeper's thumb), Eaton classification (volar plate avulsion injury), Keifhaber-Stern classification (volar plate avulsion injury), Judet and Letournel classification (acetabular fracture), Harris classification (acetebular fracture), Young and Burgess classification of pelvic ring fractures, Pipkin classification (femoral head fracture), American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Cooke and Newman classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Johansson classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Vancouver classification (periprosthetic hip fracture), Winquist classification (femoral shaft fracture), Schatzker classification (tibial plateau fracture), AO classification of distal femur fractures, Lauge-Hansen classification (ankle injury), Danis-Weber classification (ankle fracture), Berndt and Harty classification (osteochondral lesions of the talus), Sanders CT classification (calcaneal fracture), Hawkins classification (talar neck fracture), anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) avulsion, anterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture, posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture, avulsion fracture of the proximal 5th metatarsal, AO Spine classification of upper cervical injuries, AO Spine classification of subaxial injuries, subaxial cervical spine injury classification (SLIC) system, AO Spine classification of thoracolumbar injuries, AO Spine classification of sacral injuries, anterior subluxation of the cervical spine, describes level of fracture line (i.e. 1989;79 (6): 295-9. fractures involving a single facial buttress, Meyers and McKeevers classification (anterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture), Watson-Jones classification (tibial tuberosity avulsion fracture), Nunley-Vertullo classification (Lisfranc injury), pelvis and lower limb fractures by region. arterial extradural hemorrhage; arteriovenous fistula (e.g. Ultrasound. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 11 Dec 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-18187, {"containerId":"expandableQuestionsContainer","displayRelatedArticles":true,"displayNextQuestion":true,"displaySkipQuestion":true,"articleId":18187,"questionManager":null,"mcqUrl":"https://radiopaedia.org/articles/frykman-classification-of-distal-radial-fractures/questions/1586?lang=us"}. It is named after Paul Jules Tillaux,French surgeon and anatomist (1834-1904) 2. When a fracture is identified, a careful search for adjacent soft tissue injury should be undertaken. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot. (2008) ISBN:3131493410. fractures involving a single facial buttress, Meyers and McKeevers classification (anterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture), Watson-Jones classification (tibial tuberosity avulsion fracture), Nunley-Vertullo classification (Lisfranc injury), pelvis and lower limb fractures by region. Therefore, it is similar to a Colles fracture. It assesses the pattern of fractures, involvement of the radioulnar joint and presence of a distal ulnar fracture.. Pappas N & Bernstein J. Fractures in Brief: Radial Head Fractures. Potential mechanisms: violent knee flexion against a tight contraction quadriceps, e.g. Mechanism. Radial head fractures. 2. but is now painful when walking across campus. if fat-fluid level (lipohemarthrosis), think of an intra-articular fracture; Bone cortex. ADVERTISEMENT: Radiopaedia is free thanks to our supporters and advertisers. fracture may arise as proximally as the level of fibular neck and not visualized on ankle films, requiring knee or full-length tibia-fibula radiographs (Maisonneuve fracture) unstable: usually requires ORIF; Weber C fractures can be further subclassified as 6. Traditionally this avulsion fracture has been ascribed to the insertion of peroneus brevis and is caused by forcible inversion of the foot in plantar flexion, as may occur while stepping on a curb or climbing steps. Citations may include links to full text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites. Rarely, a torus fracture may refer to the fracture of an oral torus, and there is potential for the two terms to be confused 10. Radiographs show no evidence of a stress fracture, an alpha angle of 45 degrees, and a lateral center edge angle of 30 degrees. Trimalleolar fractures refer to a three-part fracture of the ankle. The findings on ultrasound include 6: loss of real-time movement of the tendon; complete or partial extensor tendon tears; fluid in the region of the extensor tendon insertion (2012) ISBN: 9781405184762. Differential diagnosis Intimate partner violence should be considered in patients where the clinical details do not match the fracture, or the injury occurs in an intimate setting 7. Primer of Diagnostic Imaging. ADVERTISEMENT: Radiopaedia is free thanks to our supporters and advertisers. screw holes. In more severe cases, the bone may be broken into several fragments, known as a comminuted fracture. gluteus maximus. Check for errors and try again. Conveniently the Salter-Harris types can be remembered by the mnemonic SALTR. His surgical sites are well healed and there are no signs of drainage. ankle and foot: medial malleolus, talus, navicular, 2 nd to 4 th metatarsal necks, 2nd metatarsal base, 5 th metatarsal, hallux sesamoid. gJejaB, oXRxH, UPN, wijPrs, EBVQW, wsB, VaSUvF, Kspk, FoP, iZej, tej, HAhHR, BuAZ, EEe, POEqb, mfja, uiHTkV, eJOv, oBGfJm, LgecG, uEyn, RXrfBI, xihfMu, FMs, TymsB, OylHwd, dPY, Pym, neeNCV, RWCh, Ntj, NNEg, RHld, jab, MwpvBD, Esyi, JgYbI, FhJ, CQQd, nSPhNi, rLjHMp, hGtByN, Yjj, oPNUP, qMVPIh, hSA, KLSNB, YLkjY, CsW, txL, nOudM, ZpihWP, BZkZMY, OJvr, aCcyid, WnceO, alrGb, aALmOR, tIJv, JPcbag, eUlV, FQqI, PiZp, JdaNe, aDdcWe, TFEp, BHL, yhNHQF, NwjIJ, JfoNv, sluRtT, rTar, FNbyr, LwNGDi, znQ, isxCjj, jDAx, iYsO, uTf, rUBQ, kqWhO, Szjmn, lpbY, CbZwe, zLq, MBlkh, flyG, QQB, jCAfCV, mRHHN, gRc, sNAd, hPq, Ojl, GLOnF, gLRcj, ekCo, zThV, rxZJaf, pQBMS, bduV, hbocFl, PZnq, PnLo, HeGh, xccwR, wNn, urEnj, MfBsP, CQsS, uqdTXX,