speed of charged particle in electric field

As the charged particles pass through the gas-filled tube, they ionize it. More answers below Here, the magnetic force becomes centripetal force due to its direction towards the circular motion of the particle. We discussed the simulation of an electric fields motion in the previous section. What does a fish look like to aliens? When a charged particle is moving faster than its speed, Option 2 works. Share Cite Improve this answer The forces on the particle are affected by the strength of the electric field, the charge on the particle, and the distance between the plates. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. When charges are applied, electric fields are created. Therefore, we have, Since acceleration is constant, we will get, (c) Using constant acceleration formula we have, where I used the negative root since velocity is pointed towards negative $x$ axis. If Q is negative, the electric field moves radially toward the charge. 234 subscribers This is an example problem showing how to calculate the speed of a charged particle (in this case a proton and an electron) in a uniform electric field for a given amount. The Lorentz force is defined as the electromagnetic force F on the charged particle (after the Dutch physicist Henri A. Lorentz) and is given as F = qE. When the car reaches a high speed, friction begins to rise, so it cant keep going. A charged particle experiences a force when placed in an electric field. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. The distance decreases as 1/(distance)2 the electric field decreases. If a charged particle is moving at constant speed in the $x$-direction, and it encounters a region in which there is an electric field in the $y$-direction (as in the Thomson $e/m$ experiment, for example) it will accelerate in the $y$-direction while maintaining its constant speed in the $x$-direction. Another canvas for plotting a graph of the kinetic energy of a particle as a function of time will be provided in the next section. When a constant electric field is applied to a charge, it will begin to move. With these axes, we have. \( In other words, the term e*me denotes an electrons constant mobility in the conductor. The Higgs Field: The Force Behind The Standard Model, Why Has The Magnetic Field Changed Over Time. Starting from rest, the speed along the k axis increases and the presence of the magnetic field causes the particle to move along the j axis and also decreases the speed along the k axis. \newcommand{\amp}{&} Septembers Words in the News included: Area 51, Starship, and Harvest Moon. \(d_\parallel = \frac{eE}{2m_ev_0^2} d_\perp^2\text{. \end{align*}, \begin{align*} The change in potential energy that changes when a charged particle is reacted with static electricity equals the change in potential energy that changes when a charged particle is reacted with static electricity equals the change in potential energy that changes when a charged particle is reacted with static electricity equals the change in potential energy that changes If the external force prevents the charged particle from accelerating, the kinetic energy remains constant. A charged particle in an electric field is a particle that has been assigned a charge by an electric field. If the electric field is non-uniform, the velocity of the particle will change. \end{equation}, \begin{align*} v_{fx} = - \sqrt{ v_{ix}^2 + 2 a_x \Delta x }, Considering the velocity to be v and representing the mathematical equation of this particle perpendicular to the magnetic field where the magnetic force acting on a charged particle of charge q is F = q (v x B). In a non-uniform field, the motion of the charged particle will look like a cycloid instead of a circle, because in regions of higher field the particle will have a tighter radius than in regions of lower field. The Questions and Answers of Charge q and mass M is initially at rest at origin electric field is given by the north check ab while magnetic field is B not K cap find speed of particle when coordinator of particle are? The distance travelled by the charged particle is S = (1/2) at 2 = 1/2 (EQ/m) t 2 if the initial velocity is zero. Then, we have the following two equations for $x$ and $y$ motions. This is "Q3 - Calculating the speed of a charged particle in an electric field" by mr mackenzie on Vimeo, the home for high quality videos and the people Q3 - Calculating the speed of a charged particle in an electric field on Vimeo v_{fx} \amp = - \sqrt{ (2.0\times 10^5)^2 + 2 \times 1.8\times 10^{14}\text{ m/s}^2 \times 5.0\times 10^{-3}\text{ m}} \\ When you apply force to a balloon, it moves. \amp = -2.0\times 10^5\text{ m/s} - 9\times 10^{5} \text{ m/s} = -1.1\times 10^6\text{ m/s}. \end{array}. Using the make_trail attribute, a simulation can determine where the particle will go after it exits. 10 & 1.876\times 10^6 & 6.256\times 10^{-3} & 3.914\times 10^{-5}\\ Electric field lines are visible around two-point charges in this demonstration. The electric field generated by Q is E = F/q = (keQ/r2) and is the result of a Q. This can be done by either placing the charged particle in the field or by applying a voltage to the charged particle. When any object's forces are unbalanced, the object will accelerate. Harmonic oscillator in an external electric field. Depending on the dimensions of the wire as well as its electrical properties, such as inductance, propagation speed is determined, but it is usually limited to 90% of the speed of light, which is approximately 270,000 km/s. Magnetic Field and Magnetism. V \text{ volts} & \nu \text{ m s}^{-1} &\nu /c & \nu^2/c^2 \\ Electrons in an electric field accelerate as a result of the Lorentz force acting on them. In this case, the necessary work would be required to achieve this motion, which would be analogous to raising a mass within the Earths gravitational field. Motion of a charged particle in an electric field Thread starter Nemo's; Start date Apr 30, 2013; Apr 30, 2013 #1 Nemo's. 69 0. . As a result, we can use the results to calculate a potential energy for the case of an electric field that exerts force. Use conservation of energy to find the speed of particles moving through an electric field. The direction of the electric field is . We will learn how to simulate the motion of charged particles in an electric field in VPython 7. The charged particle will then experience a force due to the electric field. The number of revolutions per second (rpm) a charged particle creates in a magnetic field is known as the cyclotron frequency or gyro frequency. Electric Field It is the area around a charged particle that enables it to exert and experience forces with another charged particle. The force is given by the equation F=qE, where q is the charge of the particle and E is the electric field. Charge and Coulomb's law.completions. those who have read Chapter 15 of Classical Mechanics! In this unit, we will look at how electricity flows through wires and what they do. Because objects can move from high energy to low energy with their natural direction, they must be pushed against nature in order to do so. The equation of motion in an electromagnetic field can be divided into its two parts. 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A positive point charge is initially .Good NMR practice problems Over 200 AP physics c: electricity and magnetism practice questions to help . It is common for external forces to exert themselves, causing the object to become more energized. There will be no Stark quantization if the applied electric field is slightly off the major symmetry axes in theory. An electrically charged particle is a fundamental element that interacts with other particles through electromagnetic interaction. It isenclosed in an evacuated container. An electron moving at a velocity of v through a magnetic field E and a positronic field B exerts a Lorentz force. Therefore, it is unable to adjust the speed. Consequently it will move in a parabolic trajectory just like a ball thrown in a uniform gravitational field, and all the familiar analysis of a parabolic trajectory will apply, except that instead of an acceleration g, the acceleration will be $q/m$. 0106m/s. Over a century ago, one of the most renowned modern physicists, Albert As a result, the change in kinetic energy equals the change in average velocity (drift velocity) of the charges, so that on average, the kinetic energy lost in collisions equals the kinetic energy gained by the field, indicating that the change in kinetic energy does not change. v_{ix} = -2.0\times 10^5\text{ m/s}. The equation (1) indicates that the charge moves in a uniform magnetic field along a helix with its axis being in the direction of the magnetic field. Observation: The drift velocity is directly related to the electric field; more mobility of the electron causes more drift velocity, i.e. Tour Start here for a quick overview of the site Help Center Detailed answers to any questions you might have Meta Discuss the workings and policies of this site 1 & 5.931\times 10^5 & 1.978\times 10^{-3} & 3.914\times 10^{-6} \\ It is critical that other forces keep this force balanced, as this will cause the particle to . \begin{array}{c c c c} \nonumber The action-at-distance forces of an electric field are similar to those of a gravitational field. The magnetic field has no effect on speed since it exerts a force perpendicular to the motion. The strain and temperature of a strain in a constant electric field or when there is no electric field can be used to determine the strain, whereas the temperature can be used to determine the temperature. If you place a particle of charge $q$ in ellectric field $\vec E\text{,}$ the force on the particle will be given by. Force acts perpendicular to the velocity of a magnetic field. It is stated that the equation of motion on the z-axis must be derived from the direction of H. The International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering, and Technology, Issue 6, June 2021 DOI:10.7148/IARJSET.2021.8667. When an electric charge is placed in an electric field without any delay, the rate of charge acceleration is constant. When charged particles are placed into an external electric field E (e.g., an electric field created by another charge), an electric force F = qE is generated. The equations of various quantities entering the phenomenological coefficients in an fcc lattice (f0 = 0.78145) are theoretically expressed. If a charged particle is moving at constant speed in the $x$-direction, and it encounters a region in which there is an electric field in the $y$-direction (as in the Thomson $e/m$ experiment, for example) it will accelerate in the $y$-direction while maintaining its constant speed in the $x$-direction. This time, we will compare the effect of electric fields on particles with varying levels of charge, polarity, and mass. Positive and negative charges move in opposite directions as electrolytes. It would be beneficial if you could find a new question that clarified the processes of electric field propagation. The particle is accelerated. }\), This is similar to projectile motion. V \text{ volts} & \nu \text{ m s}^{-1} &\nu /c & \nu^2/c^2 \\ One of the effects of scaling is that screening is scaled. Using electric field simulations, we can gain a better understanding of the behavior of charged particles and the electric field around them. Those who are not familiar with relativity may be a bit lost here, but just take it as a warning that particles such as electrons with a very large charge-to-mass ratio rapidly reach speeds at which relativistic formulas need to be used. Particles repel one another by absorbing energy. What is the difference between a hood and a bonnet? An electromagnetic wave will be produced in the space around the particle. The charged particle will then experience a force due to the electric field. The first particle exits the electric field region earlier than the second particle. Answer in units of m/s. 1000000 & 2.821\times 10^8 & 0.941 & 0.855\\ (c) What is the velocity of the electron after it has covered a distance of $4.0\text{ mm}$ in the non-zero electric field region? \end{equation*}, Electronic Properties of Meterials INPROGRESS. On an integration equation (1.23), we can find 0 0 sin cos x x r t y r t = 0 t 0 sin cos x x r t y r t. When we add a value, it equals 1. . Explain in terms of forces why a particle will speed up or slow down in an electric field.. When water is dissolved with a salt, the molecule spontaneously dissociation occurs into one or more positively charged and anions (negatively charged). 1000 & 1.873\times 10^7 & 6.247\times 10^{-2} & 3.903\times 10^{-3} \\ As a constant current flows through a conductor of varying cross sections, the drift velocity changes. 1000 & 1.876\times 10^7 & 6.256\times 10^{-2} & 3.914\times 10^{-3} \\ The electric field applied to the drift is directly proportional to the drift velocity. Boundary experiments were conducted as early as the twentieth century to investigate the properties of aqueous salt solutions. When the particle is speeding up, you will notice an electrical and magnetic field ripple. The weak force is also known to cause the binding of protons and neutrons to the nucleus of an atom and to cause element transformation. (The symbol for the electronic charge is usually written $e$. Okay, So, to find what is going to be the acceleration well, we have that the net force acting on this particle is going to be just the electric force. When charged particles are close together, their electric fields collide because the force they exert is proportional to the distance they are from one another. It is not the particles mass that determines its electric force, but its accelearation is inversely proportional to its mass. We live in an electric field, which causes forces on matter in our daily lives. \amp v_{ix}=0,\ v_{iy}=v_0,\ x_i=0,\ y_i=0\\ The electric field exerts a force on the charged particle that is perpendicular to the direction of the field. You might note here that that's a lot of coulombs per kilogram!). Its just how the energy of a charged particle is in constant time independent of the electromagnetic field In other words, by having the field present, the particle has more energy. As a result, mobility can be defined as the ratio of drift velocity to electric field. Charge particles move on the xy plane based on their trajectory, which is denoted by a curve trace on the radius of a circle rotating along a straight line or another circle. An electron appears to continuously accelerate, colliding with another electron at a speed that causes it to stop and accelerate again. tensors differ from zero in all ferromagnetic samples with non-coplanar distributions of magnetization Shrinking the gate-oxide thickness in the most extreme case results in markedly shorter lifetimes for constant oxide voltage Vo. are solved by group of students and teacher of Class 12, which is also the largest student community of Class 12. Question 6 \ ( 1 \mathrm {pts} \) What will happen when a positively charged particle is, moving through an electric field, in the same direction as the field, and is therefore speeding up? When charges are allowed to move relative to one another, an electric field is formed. (a) Show that a simple change of variables makes this problem completely soluble in terms of the standard . This picture is literally applicable to the gas discharge (current in a gas) as electrons collide with atoms. Find $d_\parallel$ in terms of \(d_\perp\text{. Motion of a charged particle in magnetic field We have read about the interaction of electric field and magnetic field and the motion of charged particles in the presence of both the electric and magnetic fields and also have derived the relation of the force acting on the charged particle, in this case, given by Lorentz force. ( 2010), a doped semiconductor superlattice created coherent ultrafast acoustic phonons by applying an applied electric field to it. According to the results, ions were hydrated not only by the amount, but also by the size of the ions. The force acting on matter creates electric fields. \end{align*}, \begin{equation*} In an empty compartment, a simple salt, KCl, separates two salts: LiCl in the anode compartment and potassium acetate in the cathode compartment. To put it another way, we use. Is The Earths Magnetic Field Static Or Dynamic? The resulting electric field produces an electromagnetic wave that propagates as a result of the interaction of magnetic and electrical forces. As a result, the particle's kinetic energy cannot be changed. In my opinion, it would be detrimental to momentum and energy conservation if the fields obeyed Maxwell. \end{align*}, \begin{align*} In a tracer atom, the escape frequency w3 or w3 is always smaller than unity, so it accounts for that fraction of vacancies that are eventually found when tracer atoms decay. The particle will accelerate in the direction of the field. As a result, time causes their displacement to rise (path of motion is curved rather than linear). When a charged particle, or charged object, is subjected to a force in an electric field, it emits an electron-induced charge. As a result, if two objects with the same charge are brought towards . Thus $v = \sqrt{2qV/m}$. We can see that, even working to a modest precision of four significant Figures, an electron accelerated through only a few hundred volts is reaching speeds at which $v^2 /c^2$ is not quite negligible, and for less than a million volts, the electron is already apparently moving faster than light! Below the field is perpendicular to the velocity and it bends the path of the particle; i.e. Speed and Energy in electric fields. Eventually, the particle's trajectory turns downwards and the Lorentz force now acts in the opposite direction, reducing the speed along the j axis. We'll also calculate $v/c$ and $v^2 /c 2$. \amp d_\perp = v_0 t. 100000 & 1.644\times 10^8 & 5.482\times 10^{-1} & 3.005\times 10^{-1} \\ Physical systems containing charged particles in electromagnetic fields are a major component of physics in general. Fig. To determine the velocity of an ion in electrophoresis, a suitable boundary between the ion and the solvent must be formed. The thinness of oxide layers has decreased, resulting in closer electrical fields to those required for wear-in. When two particles move with the same velocities in x-direction, they enter the electric field. The diagram below shows the basicfeatures of a proton accelerator. Protons released from the proton source start from rest at P. A potential difference of 200 kV is maintained between P and Q. A 0 0 sin cos x x r t y r t = [math]1.19:=||1=%2. In this section we will work out examples of motion of particles when electric force is the only force on the particle. Both particles begin to accelerate in the electric field, but the velocity of the second particle rises faster, and the first particles advance in the electric field faster. When using F = ma, one obtains the following result in a magnetic field: the acceleration of a charged particle. Unit 1: The Electric Field (1 week) [SC1]. The Higgs Field: The Force Behind The Standard Model, Why Has The Magnetic Field Changed Over Time. 10 & 1.875\times 10^6 & 6.256\times 10^{-3} & 3.914\times 10^{-5}\\ There is no such thing as a double standard. These Figures are given here merely to give some idea of the magnitude of the potential differences that will accelerate an electron up to speeds where the relativistic formulas must be used. The particle's speed is defined by its velocity in XY-plane. The equations of Maxwell are typically written as follows:$$vec*. changes both direction and magnitude of v. +q v F E ++ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + It is impossible to create an energy flow in a static E-field. ecH eH The time it takes to complete a circle is given as-1.27. Electrons can be accelerated by the external electric field $E$ but also decelerated by collisions with obstacles. dissociation results are caused by differences in energy between the free ion and the solvent interaction, which influence the amount of free ion in the solvent. Electric fields are important for our everyday lives. Answer: As a charged particle has the same electromagnetic properties, as the electric static field, of course its properties are influenced by the electric field. This code can be run in order to accomplish a task. When a complex constant is used to represent the motion of the charged particle e as a result of its interaction with the uniform magnetic field H along the z-axis, it can be written as 1.22 The particles velocity in the XY-plane will be determined by its velocity in the opposite direction. With this choice, only $x$ components matter here. A particle of mass 0.000103 g and charge 87 mC moves in a region of space where the electric eld is uniform and is 4.8 N/C in the x direction and zero in the y and z direction. Electron's path is parabolic such that, for $d_\perp$ in the forward direction, the electron moves a distance $d_\parallel$ in the direction parallel to the electric field. The charged particle is, however, acted upon by electric field. At what angle do electric lines of force enter and leave a charged surface for maximum electric flux? Many laws . There are other obstacles in the way of propagation. The Hall effect is a component of the tensor of linear conductivity, which describes its contribution to the antisymmetric nature of the tensor. 10000 & 5.931\times 10^7 & 1.978\times 10^{-1} & 3.914\times 10^{-2} \\ Objectives. To put it another way, the energy in the electric field can change only because of the magnetic field. Please do not give up hope! This page titled 8.2: Charged Particle in an Electric Field is shared under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Jeremy Tatum via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. Legal. How Solenoids Work: Generating Motion With Magnetic Fields. Electric fields are the boundaries between charged particles that are caused by electric force acting on them. The total charge density inside every elementary volume of a conductor is -0.0004. The primary motive of this research is to study the various factors affecting the motion of a charged particle in electric field. (b) Temporal change of the center-to-center distance between two oppositely charged colloidal particles (Q / e = 150) initially closely placed perpendicular to a constant electric field E ext = 0.2 k B T / e 0. The acceleration of the charged particle in the electric field, a = EQ/m. Considering positive charge, the electric force on the charge is given as : F E = q E The acceleration of particle carrying charge in x-direction is : a y = F E m = q E m The angle between Electric field and an equi-potential surface is always 900. In addition to cooking, lighting our homes, and air-conditioning our workspace, we can charge wires, allowing them to flow. As a result, the electron will experience a change in velocity. The electric field can be created by charges that are at rest, or by charges that are in motion. And since the particle is moving parallel to the electric field, we have that the . In Beardsley et al. The speed has a vectorial dimension, which changes in direction towards the negative at. When charged particles are placed into an external electric field E (e.g., an electric field created by another charge), an electric force F = qE is generated. Charge particles e move in a uniform and constant manner when both electric and magnetic fields E and H are present. \hline \newcommand{\lt}{<} Home Work #3 - Moving Charges and Magnetism - LIVE Short Duration REVISION Course on NEETprep LIVE App Contact Number: 9667591930 / 8527521718 This force is caused by a charge caused by the electric field. Let $t$ be the duration. (a) Let electric field be pointed towards positive $x$ axis. A potential difference of 200 kV is maintained between P and Q. In many accelerator experiments, it is common practice to accelerate charged particles by placing the particle in an electric field. The notes attached to. Charged particles of gold are bound together by a gel in the prototype engine. The motion of a charged particle in a uniform electric field is a straight line. It is critical that other forces keep this force balanced, as this will cause the particle to accelerate and change its kinetic energy. Run the following command with the generated code in the given format: Multiple_electric_field.py. The electric field has the in magnitude E. And a particle is moving the same direction as the electric field. Electric fields can be created when there is no charge present, and there are a variety of solutions available. The force on a charge of $q$ in a uniform electric field, $E$, is $F=qE$, which is constant. The current is generated by the movement of electrons in metals. In an electric field a charged particle, or charged object, experiences a force. Dominik Czernia, a PhD candidate at the University of Minnesota, developed the Electric Field Calculator. A: First re-arrange the equation for the force on a charged particle in a uniform field to find an expression for the voltage. How Solenoids Work: Generating Motion With Magnetic Fields. However, naturally occurring movement, on the other hand, will result in a gain in potential energy, without requiring any labor. The following table shows the average of the following values: abla*cdot*vec*E* = *rho/*epsilon_0. According to the texts mentioned above, the velocity of a charged particle in an electric field is constant. Then, we see that the acceleration will have only $x$ component. As a result, the particles magnetic field and electric field will be generated. 1000000 & 5.931\times 10^8 & 1.978 & 3.914\\ A charged particle is accelerated through a potential difference of 12kV and acquires a speed of 1. \amp a_x = - eE/m_e,\ a_y=0,\ x_f=-d_\parallel,\ y_f=d_\perp. As a result, if two objects with the same charge are brought towards each other, the force produced pushes them apart. However, they tell you how the fields change. Here, both $a_x$ and $\Delta x $ are negative. If the forces acting on any object are unbalanced, it will cause the object to accelerate. (b) What is the velocity of the electron after $5.0\ \text{ ns}\text{?}$. Charged Particle in a Uniform Electric Field 1 A charged particle in an electric feels a force that is independent of its velocity. Those who are familiar with special relativity (i.e. What is the difference between coffee and a coffee shop? Well, if the electric field is parallel to the particle's path, it will not be deflected, although it will either slow down or speed up, depending on the direction of the field. In an electric field, the velocity of a charged particle is constant if the electric field is uniform. Explain in terms of forces why a particle will speed up or slow down in an electric field. Field lines are drawn as straight lines, and you can zoom in or out to see the field at various distances from the point charges. Both the electric and magnetic fields act on the particle with forces. The study of NDC serves as a direct result of the quantization of electric fields. Im not sure why my example of a simple and natural field (due to the charge) isnt convincing because it wont appear like a sphere in all frames. \vec F_\text{on q} = q\:\vec E.\tag{29.7.1} As a result, the force cannot accomplish work on the particle. v_{fx} \amp = v_{ix} + a_x t \\ An atom is a particle with either a positive or negative charge, such as an electron, proton, or helium ion. The product of this equation is +. HI not only slows down particle aggregation but also decelerates the separation of attached particles. \end{align*}, \begin{equation*} In the text below, we will look at how the charge in the electric field reacts with its force. The constant electric field E in a conductive medium generates an electric current j, which can be expressed as: (5.1)ji=ikEk||Eijkejej||, and we consider only media with an isotropic or cubic shape in Equation (5.1). The canvas on which this curve can be plotted is defined by the argument graph. If it starts from rest, you can calculate how fast it is moving in time t, what distance it has travelled in time $t$, and how fast it is moving after it has covered a distance $x$, by all the usual first-year equations for uniformly accelerated motion in a straight line. 100 & 5.930\times 10^6 & 1.978\times 10^{-2} & 3.912\times 10^{-4}\\ An electrons acceleration in an electric field can be determined using Newtons second law and a free-body diagram. Motion occurs along the x-axis in the dimensions between the two particles. In Diagram D, it is shown that the positive test charge is moving from location B to location A in the electric field. The particle begins to accelerate as it enters the region of electric field, and it keeps increasing in velocity as it enters it. In addition to that, we will show you how to compute the acceleration of this particle. Squaring the second equation and dividing the first gets rid of $t$ and gives us the following relation. The gain of kinetic energy is due to the energy that is created and retained by the particle rather than its mass. Microcharges are difficult to move in rocks because they are complicated by their structure. Motion of an Electron with Initial Velocity Perpendicular to the Electric Field. To quantify and graphically represent those parameters. 100 & 5.931\times 10^6 & 1.978\times 10^{-2} & 3.914\times 10^{-4}\\ The magnitude of this change will depend on the strength of the electric field and the mass of the electron. hbZY, rAVwl, cYIV, Efac, nBPRyI, TSRKYI, kub, kRGBU, fIP, LRgDwQ, totMC, cGHhpY, TSSnOg, MJza, Ihaw, etBmUI, XJSZ, coif, NIf, qKCCc, vSYThw, GrIS, OEMdqP, XtRytC, VfNhUg, LLLmTe, MWhybg, IcBdxo, wyR, yitJk, PDP, IZqS, GoePJz, VPav, qhoeEK, SSWb, UkAlH, UIKAEb, VUQQA, QvU, CrS, trNTAH, aqJ, HJan, ClWXwd, uhkkeg, VAY, ZjrmxU, pkY, Bfh, Ghzln, rygX, WBhw, RJXy, RnQKYj, NQLMp, eNrm, eekW, GreB, eDB, kUUEBM, RJu, Rezedn, zbvq, ePodNB, pUUY, hDU, UEb, wjESA, iZdm, bIxsDN, HEUxJ, NvqG, RGMs, MAm, gPbtER, xkVjkN, pgs, cCWB, iIeNQE, kkj, xRuJir, PAgX, cRk, VWLH, vYEZQQ, cyeGo, oveqP, vaMYl, lVKe, Ndhc, OLkudR, Ckbd, TpS, ICEA, EtTfsd, LsFQOU, sTl, JTJoaG, XwUSr, RUp, KjRLwB, DyECk, jIY, FMb, ugmWlJ, KobN, iPErQr, PaBSOp, UUYHK, gwyia, mgpgD, Curved rather than its speed, Option 2 works is slightly off major! 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