Poor prior health (lack of exercise, prior neck pain, prior sick leave) showed some additional promise as a prognostic factor.24. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. Second edition, Linking self-determined functional problems of patients with neck pain to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF), Are there cervical spine findings at MR imaging that are specific to acute symptomatic whiplash injury? J Pain. The male was sectioned at one millimeter intervals 47, Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, Vol. 15, 4 December 2017 | Physical Therapy, Vol. For the carpal bones:- J Man Manip Ther. https://doi.org/10.3138/physio.60.3.215, Gross A, Forget M, St George K, et al. Abbreviations: ROM, range of motion; SF-36, Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey. 28, No. 1995;7:524532. Nonoperative management of cervical myelopathy: a systematic review. Pain and impairment of the neck is common. Electrical impulses are rocketing through your brain at over 200 miles per hour. 54, 30 April 2021 | Physical Therapy, Vol. A systematic review by the Ontario Protocol for Traffic Injury Management (OPTIMa) Collaboration, Does group gymnastics at the workplace help in neck pain? (systematic* adj3 (review* or overview*)).tw. 11, 28 October 2021 | Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
Inferior Labial Artery. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874325001307010506, Schellingerhout JM, Heymans MW, Verhagen AP, de Vet HC, Koes BW, Terwee CB. (methodologic* adj3 (review* or overview*)).tw. 14, No. It tends to be forestalled utilizing electrical stimulation. The injections are mainly in the temporalis, frontalis and masseter (see picture below) additional sites may be injected with Botulinum Toxins depending on the severity of the headaches. The potential organizational and implementation barriers in applying the recommendations were discussed and considerations were folded into the expert opinion section following each evidence table. Rating of the body of evidence came from other tools (eg, Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation [GRADE], Cochrane Collaboration Back and Neck Review Group218), and the CPG team calibrated these ratings into high, moderate, low, and very low quality. The timing and achievement of defined favorable outcomes are often undetermined and unpredictable. 30, No. Pain. A systematic review by the Ontario Protocol for Traffic Injury Management (OPTIMa) Collaboration. Does cervical kyphosis relate to symptoms following whiplash injury? Know more about our courses. The parotid duct extends from the anterior border of the gland, travels over the masseter muscle to penetrate the buccinator muscle and open into the oral cavity, adjacent to the second upper molar ipsilaterally. Items: 1, the study addresses a clearly defined research question; 2, at least two people should select studies and extract data; 3, a comprehensive literature search is carried out; 4, the authors clearly state if or how they limited their review by publication type; 5, the included and excluded studies are listed; 6, the characteristics of the included studies are provided; 7, the scientific quality of the included studies is assessed and documented; 8, yhe scientific quality of the included studies was assessed appropriately; 9, appropriate methods are used to combine the individual study findings; 10, the likelihood of publication bias is assessed; 11, conflicts of interest are declared. Chronic neck pain and exercise interventions: frequency, intensity, time, and type principle. 1, 7 August 2020 | Chiropractic & Manual Therapies, Vol. The zygomaticus major muscle is supplied by a buccal branch and a zygomatic branch of the facial nerve (VII).. Prior health, including regular exercise, neck pain, and sick leave, may offer some additional prognostic value, more so in nontraumatic neck pain in the general population or in workers. The body of an individual who died in a hotter atmosphere will encounter chemical changes quicker than that in a colder atmosphere. 23, No. Adverse events or side effects were poorly reported in the studies, and when reported were minor, transient, and of short duration. 12, No. 2009;32:S17S28. 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Qual Life Res. 2014;22:141153. The association between forward head posture and non-specific neck pain: A cross-sectional study, American Physical Therapy Association Clinical Practice Guideline Implementation for Neck and Low Back Pain in Outpatient Physical Therapy: A Nonrandomized, Cross-sectional Stepped-Wedge Pilot Study, Patient Concerns and Beliefs Related to Audible Popping Sound and the Effectiveness of Manipulation: Findings From an Online Survey, Impact of an interactive workshop on specialist physiotherapists practice when implementing a new clinical care pathway for people with musculoskeletal conditions, Effectiveness of Specific Neck Exercise for Nonspecific Neck Pain; Usefulness of Strategies for Patient Selection and Tailored ExerciseA Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis, The effects of osteopathic manipulative treatment on pain and disability in patients with chronic neck pain: A singleblinded randomized controlled trial, Digital physical therapy practice and payment during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case series, Entrenamiento centrado en la musculatura cervical profunda en prevencin del dolor de cuello, Transcutaneous electrical stimulation in neck pain: A systematic review and metaanalysis, Exercise in the management of neuropathic pain, Relationship Between Attitudes and Beliefs About Sleep, Sleep Disturbance, and Pain Interference in Patients With Spinal Pain, Predicting the number of physical therapy visits and patient satisfaction in individuals with temporomandibular disorder: A cohort study, Magnitude, validity and responsiveness of dynamometer measured neck retraction strength in patients referred with neck pain to out-patient physical therapy, Description of Clinical Features and Diagnoses of 444 Cases with Neck-Shoulder-Upper Extremity Pain: A Single-Center Retrospective Review, A Serious Game for Performing Task-Oriented Cervical Exercises Among Older Adult Patients With Chronic Neck Pain: Development, Suitability, and Crossover Pilot Study, A Comparison of the Effects of Stochastic Resonance Therapy, Whole-Body Vibration, and Balance Training on Pain Perception and Sensorimotor Function in Patients With Chronic Nonspecific Neck Pain: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial, Effects of Joint Mobilization Versus Acupuncture on Pain and Functional Ability in People with Chronic Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Comparative Effectiveness, Telehealth e-mentoring in postgraduate musculoskeletal physiotherapy education: A mixed methods case study, Effects of combining manual therapy, neck muscle exercises, and therapeutic pain neuroscience education in patients with migraine: a study protocol for a randomized clinical trial, Prognostic factors for the improvement of pain and disability following multidisciplinary rehabilitation in patients with chronic neck pain, The burden of neck pain in Brazil: estimates from the global burden of disease study 2019, The effect of two weeks of spinal manipulative therapy and home stretching exercises on pain and disability in patients with persistent or recurrent neck pain; a randomized controlled trial, Sensorimotor performance in acute-subacute non-specific neck pain: a non-randomized prospective clinical trial with intervention, Inter-examinerreliability study of physical examination procedures to assess the cervical spine, Adding a smartphone app to global postural re-education to improve neck pain, posture, quality of life, and endurance in people with nonspecific neck pain: a randomized controlled trial, Efficacy and central mechanism of acupuncture treatment in patients with neck pain: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial, Exercise for Neuropathic Pain: A Systematic Review and Expert Consensus, A little bit of a guidance and a little bit of group support: a qualitative study of preferences, barriers, and facilitators to participating in community-based exercise opportunities among adults living with chronic pain, Musculoskeletal ultrasound imaging and clinical reasoning in the management of a patient with cervicogenic headache: a case report, Next steps for researching orthopedic manual therapy, Manual Physical Therapy Targeting the Thoracic Spine to Promote Centralization for Patients With Cervical Radiculopathy: A Case Series, Effects of Sling-Based Thoracic Active Exercise on Pain and Function and Quality of Life in Female Patients with Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Spinal Manipulative Therapy for Acute Neck Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials, The utilization of dry needling and an upper extremity exercise program for individuals with cervicogenic headaches: A pilot study, Design and Analysis of a Dynamic Neck Brace, Impact of Cervical Spine Rehabilitation on Temporomandibular Joint Functioning in Patients with Idiopathic Neck Pain, Test re-test reliability and concurrent validity of cervical active range of motion in young asymptomatic adults using a new inertial measurement unit device, Spinal manipulative therapy and cervical artery dissection: A retrospective comparison with spontaneous, traumatic, and iatrogenic etiologies at a single academic medical center, Traditional Chinese Mind and Body Exercises for Neck Pain: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials, Can Acupuncture Improve Chronic Spinal Pain? Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Atlas of Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology, British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Flaps and reconstructive surgery 1. 1, 14 February 2020 | PLOS ONE, Vol. See also APPENDIX F for evidence level criteria details on procedures used for assigning levels of evidence. Systematic review AMSTAR scores are available in APPENDIX G, and articles containing very low-quality primary sources are listed in APPENDIX H. Abbreviations: AMSTAR, assessment of multiple systematic reviews; RCT, randomized clinical trial; SIGN, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network; SR, systematic review. 2013;80:508515. (hta or thas or technology assessment*).tw. 2010;15:334354. The external carotid artery (ECA) is one of the two terminal branches of the common carotid artery that has many branches that supplies the structures of the neck, face and head. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10926-012-9356-2, Matheson LN, Matheson ML, Grant J. For patients with acute neck pain with headache, clinicians should provide supervised instruction in active mobility exercise. 2, No. Results from very low-quality primary sources were not used. A small number of patients treated with Botulinum Toxininjections reported no noticeable difference in the reduction of their wrinkles. As noted in the 2008 CPG, alert and stable adult patients with cervical pain precipitated by trauma should be classified for risk level based on the CCR197 or the NEXUS criteria69 (APPENDIX H). Five, six pick up sticks. A autora deste livro e a EDITORA GUANABARA KOOGAN LTDA. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2014.12.015, McCaskey MA, Schuster-Amft C, Wirth B, Suica Z, de Bruin ED. 2013;21:113124. Spitzer WO, Skovron ML, Salmi LR, et al. Systematic review of magnetic resonance imaging characteristics that affect treatment decision making and predict clinical outcome in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Three, four kick the door. The anterior lobe of the buccal fat surrounds the parotid duct, which conveys saliva from the parotid gland to the mouth. The strength of the recommendation was graded according to the confidence in the evidence and the magnitude of effect as indicated in TABLE 3. Bergbom S, Boersma K, Overmeer T, Linton SJ. 52, 10 August 2020 | Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol. 4, 5 November 2021 | Healthcare, Vol. These symptoms are thought to be connected with the Botulinum Toxin injection and occur within the first week. Man Ther. https://doi.org/10.1179/1743288X14Y.0000000155, Cagnie B, Castelein B, Pollie F, Steelant L, Verhoeyen H, Cools A. B Brachial Artery The buccal fat pad (also called Bichats fat pad, after Xavier Bichat, and the buccal pad of fat) is one of several encapsulated fat masses in the cheek. 3, 20 April 2020 | Pain Practice, Vol. 1, 1 June 2019 | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, Vol. 2012;21:659670. Our mission is to elevate the quality and safety of healthcare worldwide through the advancement of patient care, education and research furthering the art and science of oral and It is estimated that 22% to 70% of the population will have neck pain some time in their lives.16,18,37,38,57,123,159 In addition, it has been suggested that the incidence of neck pain is increasing.153,243 At any given time, 10% to 20% of the population reports neck problems,16,39,88,215 with 54% of individuals having experienced neck pain within the last 6 months.37 Prevalence of neck pain increases with age and is most common in women around the fifth decade of life.7,16,40,128,201, Although the natural history of neck pain appears to be favorable,48,99 rates of recurrence and chronicity are high.12,90 One study reported that 30% of patients with neck pain will develop chronic symptoms, with neck pain of greater than 6 months in duration affecting 14% of all individuals who experience an episode of neck pain.16 Additionally, a recent survey demonstrated that 37% of individuals who experience neck pain will report persistent problems for at least 12 months.39 Five percent of the adult population with neck pain will be disabled by the pain, representing a serious health concern.16,97 In a survey of workers with injuries to the neck and upper extremity, Pransky et al162 reported that 42% missed more than 1 week of work and 26% experienced recurrence within 1 year. Measurement properties of disease-specific questionnaires in patients with neck pain: a systematic review. For patients with subacute neck pain with mobility deficits, clinicians may provide thoracic manipulation and cervical manipulation and/or mobilization. Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of craniovertebral ligaments and membranes after whiplash trauma. 1. Open Orthop J. E-mail: Validity and reliability of a modified version of the Neck Disability Index, Cervical spondylotic myelopathy in the young adult: a review of the literature and clinical diagnostic criteria in an uncommon demographic, Guide to physical therapist practice. 0, No. In a retrospective analysis, Verhagen et al222 failed to find significant differences in outcomes or prognostic factors between nonspecific neck pain associated with traumatic (WAD) and nontraumatic neck pain. Open Orthop J. Pain from the injection can be reduced by numbing proposed injection sites with a cold pack or anesthetic cream. Prevalences and relationships, Physical therapy episodes of care for patients with low back pain, Physical therapy and health outcomes in patients with spinal impairments. 1989;18:353360. 221, 7 June 2019 | British Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol. Jette AM, Smith K, Haley SM, Davis KD. 12, Musculoskeletal Science and Practice, Vol. Systematic review and meta-analysis, Course and prognostic factors of whiplash: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Pathophysiology and natural history of cervical spondylotic myelopathy, An investigation of fat infiltration of the multifidus muscle in patients with severe neck symptoms associated with chronic whiplash-associated disorder, Frozen shoulder: evidence and a proposed model guiding rehabilitation, Shoulder pain and mobility deficits: adhesive capsulitis, Clinical prediction rules for prognosis and treatment prescription in neck pain: A systematic review, Effectiveness of dry needling for upper-quarter myofascial pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Differential diagnosis for cervical spondylotic myelopathy: literature review, Cervical facet joint dysfunction: a review, Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of craniovertebral ligaments and membranes after whiplash trauma, MRI assessment of the alar ligaments in the late stage of whiplash injury - a study of structural abnormalities and observer agreement, Conservative interventions provide short-term relief for non-specific neck pain: a systematic review, Internal qigong for pain conditions: a systematic review, Natural history and prognosis of cervical spondylosis, Magnetic resonance imaging signal changes of alar and transverse ligaments not correlated with whiplash-associated disorders: a meta-analysis of case-control studies, Do epidemiological results replicate? Within the next four to six hours, rigor mortis spreads to additional muscles, including internal organs. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); MedicForYou is a medical community built by and for doctors and medical specialists. 2011;32:18361841. They move towards making short notes and mnemonics and waste a lot of time. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 5, 30 September 2019 | BMJ Open, Vol. 2013;7:494505. Cervical manipulation and mobilization, when compared to exercise alone or manipulation plus exercise, affecting neck pain and headache intensity, frequency, and duration, over the long term. 2011;16:5365. It relies on diminished degrees of ATP at the hour of death. Brattberg G, Thorslund M, Wikman A. These are given below: Rigor mortis assumes a significant role in the meat business as its onset and resolution are central variables for meat to get tender. Serious but rare adverse events for manipulation are known to occur.23 Graham et al68 reported mild adverse events equal in treatment and placebo groups, including tiredness, nausea, headache, and increased pain following laser treatment. Clinicians should perform assessments and identify clinical findings in patients with neck pain to determine the potential for the presence of serious pathology (eg, infection, cancer, cardiac involvement, arterial insufficiency, upper cervical ligamentous insufficiency, unexplained cranial nerve dysfunction, or fracture), and refer for consultation as indicated. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). In an acceptable-quality systematic review of 7 articles,217 the interexaminer reliability of determining passive intervertebral motion of the cervical spine was poor to fair, and assessment of C12 and C23 motion segments was fair. Open Orthop J. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00433371, Borghouts JA, Koes BW, Bouter LM. 9, No. Cervical manipulation done 3 or 4 times per week for 12 to 18 sessions, when compared to cervical manipulations done 1 time per week for 3 to 8 sessions, for reducing headache pain and frequency over the short term. 0, 9 September 2022 | Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy, Vol. Sensitivity/specificity ranged from 0.70/0.70 to 0.91/0.91, with positive and negative LRs of 2.3 to 10.65 and 0.095 to 0.43. 2011;41:644650. The Orthopaedic Section of the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) has an ongoing effort to create evidence-based practice guidelines for orthopaedic physical therapy management of patients with musculoskeletal impairments described in the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b4146, Stiell IG, Wells GA, Vandemheen KL, et al. Low back pain. https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-1091, Goldsmith R, Wright C, Bell SF, Rushton A. Lancet. The clinician quantifies the ROM either by visual estimate or use of the CROM device. Risk factors for persistent problems following acute whiplash injury: update of a systematic review and meta-analysis. 22, No. 2012;69:610618. Clin J Pain. 2010;35:948954. Left Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Muscle. Clinical prognosis is based on 2 important pieces of information: what is known about the clinical course of the condition, and the presence or absence of factors that may lead to deviation from that course. 2005 Apr;115(4):574-7. Frozen shoulder: evidence and a proposed model guiding rehabilitation. 8, 21 April 2020 | Physical Therapy, Vol. This monthly journal offers comprehensive coverage of new techniques, important developments and innovative ideas in oral and maxillofacial surgery.Practice-applicable articles help develop the methods used to handle dentoalveolar surgery, facial injuries and deformities, TMJ disorders, oral cancer, jaw reconstruction, anesthesia and analgesia.The journal also https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4610.2005.00253_1.x, Racicki S, Gerwin S, DiClaudio S, Reinmann S, Donaldson M. Conservative physical therapy management for the treatment of cervicogenic headache: a systematic review. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. Our mission is to elevate the quality and safety of healthcare worldwide through the advancement of patient care, education and research furthering the art and science of oral and Pain. The search strategy guided by PICOT-SD (Population, problem, or patients [P], Intervention [I], Comparison or control [C], Outcome [O], Time [T], Study design [SD]) was designed to locate systematic reviews, meta-analyses, or narrative reviews that addressed 6 clinical areas (classification, examination, intervention, harms, prognosis, and outcome measures), when applicable contrasting with a control or comparison treatments, and used at least 1 measurement property of an outcome measure in adult patients with neck pain or musculoskeletal neck conditions in primary to tertiary settings from immediate posttreatment to long-term follow-up. Quality ratings used in the systematic reviews came from a variety of tools (eg, Cochrane Risk of Bias, PEDro). Acta Neurochir (Wien). Ratings of systematic reviews came from 2 tools (AMSTAR187 or the closely related SIGN185), and these ratings were also calibrated into high, acceptable, low, and very low categories. 2010;52:424427. An update of the Bone and Joint Decade Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders by the Ontario Protocol for Traffic Injury Management (OPTIMa) Collaboration, Conservative interventions for treating work-related complaints of the arm, neck or shoulder in adults. It inserts into tissue at the corner of the mouth.. Nerve supply. Advancements in imaging technology: do they (or will they) equate to advancements in our knowledge of recovery in whiplash? ICF codes can be accessed at http//apps.who.int/classifications/icfbrowser/. https://doi.org/10.1080/15389580802593269, Stiell IG, Clement CM, Grimshaw J, et al. McLean SM, May S, Klaber-Moffett J, Sharp DM, Gardiner E. Risk factors for the onset of non-specific neck pain: a systematic review. Differential changes in muscle composition exist in traumatic and nontraumatic neck pain. Clinical pressure pain threshold testing in neck pain: comparing protocols, responsiveness, and association with psychological variables. Masseter. Part 2: Relationship to neck and shoulder pain. 34, No. 2014;19:381391. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0000000000001061, Graham N, Gross AR, Carlesso LC, et al. ATM for money-maker: Anterior cruciate ligament, Tibial (medial) collateral ligament, FED: Fibular nerve Everts and Dorsiflexes the foot, TIP: Tibial nerve Inverts and Plantarflexes the foot, Layer 1: Abductor Hallucis, Flexor digitorum brevis, Abductor digiti minimi, Layer 2: Two tendons (Flexor Hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus), Two muscles, Layer 3: Flexor Hallucis brevis, Adductor Hallucis (oblique and transverse heads), Flexor, Tiny Dogs Are Not Hunters: Tibialis posterior, flexor Digitorum longus, posterior, tibial Artery, tibial Nerve, flexor Hallucis longus, (superior moving around in order to posterior), Superior wall (roof): 2 Muscles: internal oblique Muscle, transverse abdominus Muscle, Anterior wall: 2 Aponeuroses: Aponeurosis of external oblique, Aponeurosis of internal, Lower wall (floor): 2 Ligaments: inguinal Ligament, lacunar Ligament, Posterior wall: 2Ts: Transversalis fascia, conjoint Tendon. For patients with chronic neck pain with movement coordination impairments (including WAD): For patients with acute neck pain with headache: Clinicians should provide supervised instruction in active mobility exercise. 19, No. Below is an example EMBASE search strategy for articles related to the Physical Agents section of Interventions. 2009;10:101112. 6, No. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-012-2297-9, Wilson JR, Barry S, Fischer DJ, et al. 1, 24 November 2021 | Frontiers in Medicine, Vol. 2, Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, Vol. These every day activities may become more difficult and too much Botox around the mouth can result in drooling. https://doi.org/10.1080/165019702760390383, Carroll LJ, Hogg-Johnson S, van der Velde G, et al. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181644b1d, Kadhim-Saleh A, Maganti H, Ghert M, Singh S, Farrokhyar F. Is low-level laser therapy in relieving neck pain effective? 4, Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, Vol. For patients with chronic neck pain with mobility deficits, clinicians should provide a multimodal approach of: For patients with chronic neck pain with mobility deficits, clinicians may provide neck, shoulder girdle, and trunk endurance exercise approaches and patient education and counseling strategies that promote an active lifestyle and address cognitive and affective factors. Located on both sides of the head at the point where the jawbone meets the skull, the temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) is used during talking, eating, swallowing, and other everyday activities. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e318238842a, Detsky ME, McDonald DR, Baerlocher MO, Tomlinson GA, McCrory DC, Booth CM. 2015;95:15361546. 62, 20 May 2022 | Musculoskeletal Care, Vol. 2006;11:306315. This guideline will be considered for review in 2021, or sooner if new evidence becomes available. 27, No. Clinicians should utilize a multimodal approach in managing patients with neck pain with mobility deficits. 18, Journal of Healthcare Engineering, Vol. 10, 14 October 2020 | Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20100136, Bergstrm C, Jensen I, Hagberg J, Busch H, Bergstrm G. Effectiveness of different interventions using a psychosocial subgroup assignment in chronic neck and back pain patients: a 10-year follow-up. 2010;15:135141. 2, 30 April 2019 | Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, Vol. Within the next four to six hours, rigor mortis spreads to additional muscles, including internal organs.
The 1-year incidence of neck pain was 10.4% to 21.3%. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. 6, Patient Education and Counseling, Vol. 4, 15 August 2019 | Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol. The authors of this guideline revision worked with research librarians possessing expertise in systematic reviews to perform a systematic search for concepts associated with neck pain in articles published from 2007 to August 2016 related to classification, examination, and intervention strategies for neck pain consistent with previous guideline development methods related to ICF classification.29 Primary electronic search methods were performed using a standard structured approach from January 2007 to August 2016 in the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, ProQuest Dissertations and Abstracts, PEDro, ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health Sources, and Embase, by research librarians. 2, Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, Vol. The branches of the external carotid artery can be subdivided into groups: Memorable mnemonics for these branches include: ADVERTISEMENT: Supporters see fewer/no ads, Please Note: You can also scroll through stacks with your mouse wheel or the keyboard arrow keys. A systematic review by the Ontario Protocol for Traffic Injury Management (OPTIMa) Collaboration. Headache. Man Ther. A research synthesis of therapeutic interventions for whiplash-associated disorder (WAD): part 4 - noninvasive interventions for chronic WAD. Effects of proprioceptive exercises on pain and function in chronic neck- and low back pain rehabilitation: a systematic literature review. 10, No. 2007;32:580585. 2, 17 April 2020 | Physical Therapy, Vol. The team leader (P.R.B.) In the subacute to chronic stage, the benefit of manual therapy appears to decrease. The guideline recommends interventions predominantly for their effect on pain, and thus the reader may be under the impression that the authors have ignored other common symptoms associated with neck disorders, such as light-headedness and poor balance/dizziness (which are common symptoms in persons with whiplash and even cervicogenic headache). 1, No. While radiographs are useful for this purpose, a higher probability of identifying bony injury or ligamentous disruption in the cervical spine is realized with CT.148 Magnetic resonance imaging is usually appropriate for problem solving or operative planning, and is most useful when injury is not explained by bony fracture.3. Wiley-Blackwell. Complete cross-sectional images of representative male cadaver. The effectiveness of conservative treatment for patients with cervical radiculopathy: a systematic review. To gain these skills, the student learns best with good anatomical models or a well-dissected cadaver, at the laboratory bench, guided and instructed by experienced teachers, and inspired toward self-directed, diligent reading. Cecum, appendix and ascending colon in a cadaver: The precise location of the appendix depends on the cadaver because it varies from individual to individual. Pain, perceived injustice and the persistence of post-traumatic stress symptoms during the course of rehabilitation for whiplash injuries. They move towards making short notes and mnemonics and waste a lot of time. Clinicians should integrate the recommendations below with consideration of the results of the patient evaluation (eg, related impairments, severity, and irritability of the condition, and values). Dow Jones Industrial Climbing Average Closing Stock Report: Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum, Cecum, Appendix, Colon (ascending/transverse), Sigmoid colon, Rectum. 2010;15:2935. identify the distal attachments of the teres major. Older age, high job demands, smoking history, low social/work support, and prior history of low back pain may also be risk factors. J Rehabil Med. Strategies for using insurance material to follow trends. Many students often find themselves in trouble with First year Anatomy Mnemonics during MBBS. Irritability is a term used by rehabilitation practitioners to reflect the tissue's ability to handle physical stress,142 and is presumably related to physical status and the extent of inflammatory activity that is present. Experts in neck pain reviewed these CPGs' content and methods for integrity, accuracy, and representation of the condition. 5, 2 April 2020 | Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, Vol. 20, No. 12, 24 September 2019 | Clinical Rehabilitation, Vol. 2017;47(7):A1A83. Direct pathoanatomical causes of mechanical neck pain are rarely identifiable. 30, No. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. A list of competing interests, conflicts of interest, and author contributions is available in APPENDIX H. Group members believe the guideline process and development of recommendations were free from influence from competing interests and conflicts of interest. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. For those patients, a more concerted multimodal treatment program that could include medical and psychological consultation would be indicated. A systematic review by Kelly et al112 explored the readiness for clinical adoption of 15 formalized prognostic clinical prediction rules for early identification of the patient at risk of transitioning to chronic neck pain. The organs, muscles, and skin liquefy. Flexor carpi superficialis splits in two, to permit profundus to pass through. A new conceptual model of neck pain: linking onset, course, and care: the Bone and Joint Decade 20002010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2008.0303. Of these, the NDI was the most extensively studied over a variety of neck pain conditions and has been translated into many languages.180,181,224 The NDI was also extensively assessed for its psychometric properties. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3959(98)00058-X, Borghouts JA, Koes BW, Vondeling H, Bouter LM. 21, No. Any updates to the guideline in the interim period will be noted on the Orthopaedic Section of the APTA website ( www.orthopt.org). It is even more difficult to draw on that knowledge, relate it to a clinical setting, and apply it to the context of the individual patient. However, we suggest that significant departures from accepted guidelines should be documented in the patient's health records at the time the relevant clinical decision is made. Risk factors for neck pain: a longitudinal study in the general population. When evaluating a patient with neck pain over an episode of care, clinicians should include assessments of impairments of body function that can establish baselines, monitor changes over time, and be helpful in clinical decision making to rule in or rule out (1) neck pain with mobility deficits, including cervical active range of motion (ROM), the cervical flexion-rotation test, and cervical and thoracic segmental mobility tests; (2) neck pain with headache, including cervical active ROM, the cervical flexion-rotation test, and upper cervical segmental mobility testing; (3) neck pain with radiating pain, including neurodynamic testing, Spurling's test, the distraction test, and the Valsalva test; and (4) neck pain with movement coordination impairments, including cranial cervical flexion and neck flexor muscle endurance tests. The zygomaticus major muscle may (abnormalit* or toxicit* or complication* or consequence* or noxious or tolerabilit*).tw. 10, Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, Vol. Clinicians should utilize the Canadian cervical spine rule (CCR)32,196,197 and/or the National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study (NEXUS) criteria85,160 (APPENDIX H) to rule out the need for radiographic study in clinical conditions of suspected trauma-related fracture. American Physical Therapy Association. Check for errors and try again. 26, No. 3, 10 January 2019 | Musculoskeletal Care, Vol. The muscles can't create ATP. 2012;43:912916. 2001;93:317325. J Physiother. You can check the best books for second year mbbs here: https://medicforyou.in/mbbs-second-year-books-and-syllabus, In my college, they taught us a mnemonic for contents of the cubital fossa: MBBS, M Median Nerve https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2008.11.010, Hutting N, Scholten-Peeters GG, Vijverman V, Keesenberg MD, Verhagen AP. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2010.04.002, Gross AR, Dziengo S, Boers O, et al. This resulted in downgrading the strength of the evidence by 1 or 2 levels due to imprecision and limited directness (TABLE 1).63TABLE 7 details the levels of evidence of included studies with underpinning evidence statements. The ACR Appropriateness Criteria should also be used for suspected spine trauma and chronic neck pain.148 According to the CCR, patients are considered high risk if they (1) are greater than 65 years of age, (2) have had a dangerous mechanism of injury, or (3) have paresthesias in the extremities. Assessment of chronic pain: domains, methods, and mechanisms. 49, No. Two more narrowly focused systematic reviews in the area of traumatic neck pain prognosis were published, but not included in the overviews by Walton et al.235 Goldsmith et al66 reviewed the evidence for cold hyperalgesia as a prognostic variable, and found consistent moderate-grade evidence (4 cohorts) that cold hyperalgesia holds prognostic value. The Orthopaedic Section of the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) has an ongoing effort to create evidence-based practice guidelines for orthopaedic physical therapy management of patients with musculoskeletal impairments described in the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). Impairment-based treatment should flow naturally from evaluation findings. download full PDF here, Rigor mortis is one of the most well-known taphonomic alterations, and it is the process by which the body's muscles stiffen, resulting in rigidity, as a result of a variety of chemical changes in the, This stage is otherwise called self-digestion and starts following death. 29 or 30 or 31 or 32 or 33 or 34 or 35 or 36 or 37 or 38 or 39 or 40 or 41 or 42 or 43 or 44 or 45 or 46 or 47 or 48 or 49 or 50 or 58, exp temporomandibular joint disorders/ or exp temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome/, spondylosis/ or spondylolysis/ or spondylolisthesis/, 94 or 95 or 96 or 97 or 98 or 106 or 107 or 108, intervertebral disk degeneration/ or intervertebral disk displacement/, exp neck injuries/rh or exp whiplash injuries/rh, thoracic outlet syndrome/rh or cervical rib syndrome/rh, exp brachial plexus neuropathies/rh or exp brachial plexus neuritis/rh, exp temporomandibular joint disorders/rh or exp temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome/rh, spondylosis/rh or spondylolysis/rh or spondylolisthesis/rh, Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation/. The International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (IAOMS) is the largest not-for-profit professional association representing oral and maxillofacial surgeons worldwide. Unable to process the form. Little rankles begin showing up on the skin and inside organs. 2001;38:2225. Finally, Fillingim et al61 recommended that pain assessment be combined with other domains such as physical and psychosocial functioning. 2001;27:4956. 2009;11:238244. Burden of disability due to musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders. 1996;76:930941; discussion 942945. J Headache Pain. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Also check out our K Sembulingam PDF Book here! Recommendations are based on higher-level evidence that considered relief of an episode of pain. 38, No. 29, No. Platysma. Our mission is to elevate the quality and safety of healthcare worldwide through the advancement of patient care, education and research furthering the art and science of oral and 12, 30 March 2020 | BMC Health Services Research, Vol. Randomized controlled trial, Application and utility of a clinical framework for spinally referred neck-arm pain: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study protocol, Real-World Evidence in Prescription Medication Use Among U.S. 78, No. Hundreds of muscles continually tense and relax to keep you in an upright position and to allow your eyes to track across the words on this page. Reliability and diagnostic accuracy were also reported for C0C3 PAIVM testing in identifying cervicogenic headache. Brent Spiner Gained Lieutenant Commander, Basale, Spinosum, Granulosum, Lucidum, Corneum, Never Call Me Needle Nose!: external Nares, Conchae, Meatuses, internal Nares, Nasopharynx, SCALP: Skin, Connective tissue, Aponeurosis, Loose areolar tissue, Pericranium. J Rheumatol. 4, 31 October 2022 | Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, Vol. 21, No. 2, Musculoskeletal Science and Practice, Vol. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2011.3666, Walton DM, Levesque L, Payne M, Schick J. In addition to these conditions, clinicians should screen for the presence of psychosocial issues that may affect prognostication and treatment decision making for rehabilitation. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2011-100459, Ackelman BH, Lindgren U. Validity and reliability of a modified version of the Neck Disability Index. 19, No. Medical Schools Let Confident People In: Middle thyroid, Superior thyroid, Lingual, Common facial, Pharyngeal, Inferior petrosal sinus, Please, To Zanzibar By Motor Car or Ten Zombies Bought My Car, Posterior auricular, Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal, Masseteric, Cervical, Standing Room Only: Superior orbital fissure (V1), foramen Rotundum (V2), foramen, GHost THought SOmeone STupid SHot Irene: GenioHyoid, ThyroHyoid, Superior, Omohyoid, SternoThyfoid, SternoHyoid, Inferior omohyoid, GLAST: 4 compass points, clockwise from north on the right side of neck: Great. Phys Ther. ACR Appropriateness Criteria: suspected spine trauma. Selective cervical spine radiography in blunt trauma: methodology of the National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study (NEXUS). VT is Cold: Vertebral, Thyrocervical trunk, Costocervical trunk, Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students or Suzy Always Lays. Last update: April 21, 2012. 2. 2007;12:256262. 1, 31 October 2020 | Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, Vol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2008.03.004, Sterling M, Kenardy J, Jull G, Vicenzino B. Eur Spine J. Masseter/Parotids; Salivary glands & lymph nodes; 0203.8 Advanced Clinical Cadaver Dissection Hand & Wrist. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181d44f3b. Assessment of tissue irritability relies on clinical judgment, and is important for guiding the clinical decisions regarding treatment frequency, intensity, duration, and type, with the goal of matching the optimal dosage of treatment to the status of the tissue being treated. Am J Epidemiol. empenharam seus melhores esforos para assegurar que as informaes e os procedimentos apresentados no texto estejam em acordo com os padres aceitos poca da publicao, e todos os dados foram atualizados pela autora at a data da entrega dos originais editora. 2013;21:34. https://doi.org/10.1186/2045-709X-21-34, Schroeder J, Kaplan L, Fischer DJ, Skelly AC. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 26, No. Psychological care, patient education, orthotics, ergonomics and prevention strategies for neck pain: an systematic overview update as part of the ICON project. Deep neck flexor recruitment and strengthening, when compared to infrared radiation and advice, for reducing pain over the immediate term. Phys Ther. Facial Artery. A notable exception is the most commonly used patient-reported functional outcome tool, the NDI.127 In a 2012 moderate-quality systematic review of patient-reported outcome measures, Schellingerhout et al181 focused on 8 different tools. Additional ICF activities and participation codes associated with neck pain include d4108 Changing a basic body position, d4158 Maintaining a body position, and d4452 Reaching. A systematic review, Assessment of chronic pain: domains, methods, and mechanisms, Preliminary examination of a proposed treatment-based classification system for patients receiving physical therapy interventions for neck pain, 2015 updated method guideline for systematic reviews in the Cochrane Back and Neck Group, A systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and safety of selected complementary and alternative medicine for neck and low-back pain, Development of a review-of-systems screening tool for orthopaedic physical therapists: results from the Optimal Screening for Prediction of Referral and Outcome (OSPRO) cohort, Cold hyperalgesia as a prognostic factor in whiplash associated disorders: a systematic review, Prevalence, practice patterns, and evidence for chronic neck pain, An ICON overview on physical modalities for neck pain and associated disorders, Screening cervical spine CT in the emergency department, phase 2: a prospective assessment of use, Manipulation and mobilisation for neck pain contrasted against an inactive control or another active treatment, Manipulation or mobilisation for neck pain: a Cochrane Review, Low level laser therapy (LLLT) for neck pain: a systematic review and meta-regression, Conservative management of mechanical neck disorders: a systematic review, Psychological care, patient education, orthotics, ergonomics and prevention strategies for neck pain: an systematic overview update as part of the ICON project, GRADE guidelines: 1. (amma or ammo or effleuurage or petrissage or hacking or tapotment).tw. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2012.12.001, Michaleff ZA, Maher CG, Verhagen AP, Rebbeck T, Lin CW. 2006;31:E847E855. A systematic review of the evidence, and a meta-analysis. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2007.01.012, Elliott JM, Pedler AR, Jull GA, Van Wyk L, Galloway GG, O'Leary SP. Although the Spinal Function Sort tool shows promise in predicting return to work in people with chronic low back pain,14,154 it was not useful in predicting return to work at follow-up periods longer than 1 month in people with subacute WAD.209. The zygomaticus major muscle may EFFECT OF ALEXANDER TECHNIQUE ALONG WITH THERAGUN IN NECK PAIN AMONG BUS DRIVERS-A RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIAL. Just save the page or bookmark us so you dont spend your crucial time before exams making mnemonics. [3], The buccal fat pad is composed of several parts, although exactly how many parts seems to be a point of disagreement and no single consistent nomenclature of these parts has been observed. 23, No. Eur Spine J. The authors wish to acknowledge and graciously thank P. Lina Santaguida and the members of the International Collaboration on Neck Pain (ICON) for their assistance and sharing their work. 4, Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, Vol. Rejto LK. 24, No. A systematic review from the Ontario Protocol for Traffic Injury Management (OPTIMa) Collaboration, Does cervical spine manipulation reduce pain in people with degenerative cervical radiculopathy? The blood circulation and respiratory exercises stop not long after death. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall; 2007. 2009;14:602610. Impact of Events Scale-Revised: consider score of 33 or greater a useful cut score for prognosis. In the Impairment/Function-Based Diagnosis and the Examination sections, a narrative review is provided with emphasis placed on systematic reviews and meta-analyses when available. Simple Rear-End MVC excludes pushed into on-coming traffic, hit by bus or large truck, rollover, hit by high speed vehicle, Delayed onset neck pain = No immediate onset after trauma. Injury. 2010;15:514521. The larger cross-sectional area was believed to represent larger amounts of fatty infiltrate. 19, 17 September 2020 | Pain and Therapy, Vol. (quantitative adj3 (research or review* or overview*)).tw. In the Interventions section, only systematic reviews and meta-analyses were considered in this revision. 1, 11 November 2019 | BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vol. The guideline has been piloted among end users through International Federation of Orthopaedic Manipulative Physical Therapists (IFOMPT) member organizations, and through APTA, Inc through a public posting. Clinicians should perform assessments and identify clinical findings in patients with neck pain to determine the potential for the presence of serious pathology (eg, infection, cancer, cardiac involvement, arterial insufficiency, upper cervical ligamentous insufficiency, unexplained cranial nerve dysfunction or fracture), and refer for consultation as indicated. Adherence to them will not ensure a successful outcome in every patient, nor should they be construed as including all proper methods of care or excluding other acceptable methods of care aimed at the same results. 2012;262:567575. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 102, No. Pain. 9, 26 April 2022 | South African Journal of Physiotherapy, Vol. 9, 11 May 2021 | European Journal of Pain, Vol. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 22, No. 4, Musculoskeletal Science and Practice, Vol. They assessed whether the presence of a cervical spine kyphotic deformity on MRI in the acute stage (approximately 10 days following the MVC) was associated with greater severity of baseline symptoms and a worse 1-year prognosis as compared to lordotic or straight postures following a whiplash injury. The examiner then repeats the test on the opposite side, and 3 tests of each site are conducted, with a minimum 30-second interval between tests, Measurement properties: reference values are established for patients with acute and chronic neck pain. 2015;40:16601673. Inferior Labial Artery. A scoping review, It Would Take Combat Relevance to Put a Chiropractor in Khakis This Is Why That Has Not Happened, Effects of breathing reeducation on cervical and pulmonary outcomes in patients with non specific chronic neck pain: A double blind randomized controlled trial, Comparative effectiveness of different acupuncture therapies for neck pain, Efficacy of physiotherapy interventions for the management of adults with cervicogenic headache: A systematic review and Key facts about the superficial nerves of the face and scalp; Facial nerve (CN VII) Innervates: muscles of the face Branches: temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular and cervical nerves Mnemonic: To Zanzibar By Motor Car: Ophthalmic nerve (V1) Innervates: upper third of the face (upper eyelid, conjunctiva of the eye, skin of the forehead) Branches: supraorbital Physiother Can. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.berh.2014.08.002, Murray CJ, Vos T, Lozano R, et al. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2008;12:216225. 7, 1 May 2021 | International Journal of Clinical Practice, Vol. Key facts about the superficial nerves of the face and scalp; Facial nerve (CN VII) Innervates: muscles of the face Branches: temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular and cervical nerves Mnemonic: To Zanzibar By Motor Car: Ophthalmic nerve (V1) Innervates: upper third of the face (upper eyelid, conjunctiva of the eye, skin of the forehead) Branches: supraorbital The top layer of the skin starts to relax. A systematic review by the Ontario Protocol for Traffic Injury Management (OPTIMa) Collaboration. For patients with subacute neck pain with mobility deficits: Clinicians should provide neck and shoulder girdle endurance exercises. 41, No. Ct P, Cassidy JD, Carroll L. The factors associated with neck pain and its related disability in the Saskatchewan population. Thus the related rigidity would be switched. 28, No. Clinicians may provide cervical manipulation and/or mobilization. 13, 28 April 2022 | Physical Therapy, Vol. All the body parts become liquified at this stage. Phys Ther. 32, 20 October 2022 | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 75, No. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2010.10.023, Ferreira ML, Borges BM, Rezende IL, et al. There is no set time span when skeletonization happens. In an earlier low-quality review, Holly et al87 found the NDI, the PSFS, and the North American Spine Society scale to be reliable, valid, and responsive for assessing radiculopathy for nonsurgical interventions. 23, No. 42, No. 43, No. The body can't get oxygen or evacuate metabolic waste. combined modality therapy/de OR electrostimulation therapy/exp OR electrostimulation/de OR traction therapy/exp OR phototherapy/exp OR physiotherapy/exp OR rehabilitation/exp OR ultrasound therapy/exp OR laser/de OR cryotherapy/exp OR cryoanesthesia/de OR ice/de OR acupuncture/exp OR Modalit* OR electric stimulation OR electrical stimulation OR electrotherapy OR tens OR transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation OR electroacupuncture OR acupuncture OR needling OR heat OR cold OR traction OR laser OR lasers OR rehabilitation OR physical therapy OR ultrasound OR ultrasonic OR cryotherapy OR hyperthermia OR vapocoolant spray OR cryoanesthesia OR ice OR faradic OR traction OR iontophoresis OR phonophoresis OR phototherapy OR hydrotherapy OR light therapy OR diathermy OR ultraviolet OR infrared OR ((trigger* OR dry) and needl*), neck/exp OR cervical plexus/de OR cervical spine/de OR atlantoaxial joint/de OR atlantooccipital joint/de OR spinal root/de OR brachial plexus/de OR atlas/de OR axis/de OR thoracic spine/de OR (brachial NEAR/3 plexus) OR neck OR (thoracic NEAR/3 spine) OR (thoracic NEAR/3 outlet) OR (thoracic NEAR/3 vertebra*) OR trapezius OR odontoid* OR occip* OR atlant* OR ((cervical OR cervico*) NOT (gynecologic disease/exp OR uterus/exp OR uterus OR cervix)), pain/exp OR pain* OR ache* OR sore* OR stiff* OR discomfort OR injur* OR neuropath* OR neuralgia* OR neurodynia*, atlantoaxial dislocation/de OR neck pain/de OR brachial plexus neuropathy/de OR neck injury/exp OR thorax outlet syndrome/de OR torticollis/de OR cervical pain OR neck-ache* OR neck ache* OR whiplash OR cervicodynia* OR cervicalgia* OR brachialgia* OR brachial neuritis OR brachial neuralgia* OR cervicobrachial neuritis OR cervicobrachial neuralgia* OR neck pain* OR neck injur* OR brachial plexus neuropath* OR brachial plexus neuritis OR monoradicul* OR monoradicl* OR torticollis OR thoracic outlet syndrome OR cervical dystonia OR (headache* AND cervic*), vertebra dislocation/exp OR intervertebral disk disease/exp OR (('intervertebral disk/exp OR disks OR disk OR discs OR disc) AND (herniat* OR slipped OR prolapse* OR displace* OR degenerat* OR bulge OR bulged OR bulging)), radiculopathy/exp OR temporomandibular joint disorder/de OR myofascial pain/de OR musculoskeletal disease/exp OR neuritis/exp OR radiculopath* OR radiculitis OR temporomandibular OR (myofascial NEAR/3 pain*) OR (thoracic outlet syndrome*) OR spinal osteophytosis OR neuritis OR spondylosis OR splondylitis OR spondylolisthesis OR spondylolysis OR arthritis OR osteoarthritis OR spondylarthritis OR fibromyalgia OR sprain* OR strain*, radiculopathy/exp/dm_rh OR temporomandibular joint disorder/dm_rh OR myofascial pain/dm_rh OR musculoskeletal disease/exp/dm_rh OR neuritis/exp/dm_rh, atlantoaxial dislocation/dm_rh OR neck pain/dm_rh OR brachial plexus neuropathy/dm_rh OR neck injury/exp/dm_rh OR thorax outlet syndrome/dm_rh OR torticollis/dm_rh, meta analysis/de OR meta analysis (topic)/de OR systematic review/de OR systematic review (topic)/de OR Meta analy* OR metaanaly* OR meta analy* OR Systematic review* OR systematic overview* OR Cochrane OR embase OR psyclit OR psychlit OR psycinfo OR psychinfo OR cinahl OR cinhal OR science citation index OR bids OR cancerlit OR web of science OR Reference list* OR bibliograph* OR hand search* OR relevant journals OR manual search* OR ((selection criteria OR data NEAR/3 extract*) AND (review OR reviews)). 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