The quickpkg application (included in Portage) takes one or more dependency atoms (or package sets) and creates binary packages for all installed packages that match that atom. Refer to the fstab manual for further details, as this will be useful anywhere, not only on Gentoo and not only on Linux, for that matter. This feature assumes that all packages should be signed and rejects any unsigned package. Gentoo is a powerful and extensible Linux distribution. Its a crucial file on any Linux/Unix system, so we recommend extra care when editing it. There are some of you that might have noticed that something else, very important, is still missing from our future system : a bootloader. For instance, to create binary packages of all installed GCC versions: To create binary packages for the system set: To create binary packages of all installed packages on the system, use the * glob: When installing software using emerge, Portage can be asked to create binary packages by using --buildpkg (-b) option: It is also possible to ask Portage to only create a binary package but not to install the software on the live system. Please see the Gentoo Handbook Client systems need to use an URI that points to the binary package server directory. Use the manual page to see the options and what they do, as you will use emerge a lot as a Gentoo user. ?arm used to boot and, well, install Gentoo. Of course it is far from finished, which is why the installation still has some sections left! So think twice before unmerging, we say. It is recommended the default URI is retained unless a local, private Portage mirror will be used. If you look at the lines scrolling on your screen while unpacking, you will notice that stage 3 is nothing else but a skeleton of a working systems directory structure. For the sake of example, lets say you want to install mplayer. A word of warning, though : if your list of USE flags is too short, chances are some applications you will install will ask you to enable some lacking flags, which you can do globally in make.conf or per package in /etc/portage/package.use. A target directory (that must not exist). installkernel is required whenever a kernel will be installed via make install Currently, the following formats are supported: bzip2, gzip, lz4, lzip, lzop, xz, and zstd. To see what profile the system is currently using, run eselect using the profile module: As can be seen, there are also desktop subprofiles available for some architectures. Use a web server such as lighttpd (www-servers/lighttpd) and configure it to provide read access to /etc/portage/make.conf's PKGDIR location. For details of the mips architecture, please see the Replace ROOT with sda1 and SWAP with sda2, as per our example, check mount points and options, save and exit. The lp64d stages can be used on all 64-bit RISC-V processors supporting the double-precision floating point instruction set. As Grand Master Yoda would say You must un-learn what you have learned, because the partitioning setup for a source-based distro isnt (always) the same as the partitioning setup for a binary distro. In order to download source code quickly it is recommended to select a fast mirror. Since Gentoo is a rolling release distro, it offers new iso images periodically. On clients, a few configuration changes are needed in order for the binary packages to be used. Install /sbin/installkernel script (for Linux). Hic sunt dracones.#, mips3 | n32 | multilib | eb | systemd | merged usr, mips3 | n32 | multilib | el | systemd | merged usr, complete WebIn this third video, I'll cover how to install Gentoo packges, how to remove them, and how to update your system. Gentoo uses a (complex) inheritance system for its profiles, which we will not dive into at this stage. Before we continue installing Gentoo, it is important to note that this process is entirely manual, which means a lot of commands will This page was last edited on 7 September 2022, at 19:21. Download the binary package(s) from a remote binary package host. For details of the arm architecture, please see the The The complete list of possible USE flags are to be found at /usr/portage/profiles/use.desc . If you encounter problems, you may want to consider adding this overlay to your installation. It contains instructions equivalent to the instructions in the following sections of this Handbook. ?alpha Newcomers and grey beards alike are encouraged to add their helpful tips below. Defaults to zstd. Package managers are used by some operating systems, namely the BSDs and also GNU/Linux to rationalise installation of programs in the operating system, automating installation, removal and in most cases acquiring and searching for packages from a remote repository. In contrast to -march, the -mtune argument does not prevent code from being executed on other processors. Readers who have no network or bandwidth restrictions can happily skip down to the next section. XPAK format binary packages created by Portage have the file name ending with .tbz2. To clean up the system afterwards, run depclean as given below. ppc64 This leaves room for many possible binary package host implementations. ?x86 No, this you dont have to do by hand : Gentoo offers you the utility called mirrorselect, which we will use to set up a normal mirror (http, ftp) and a rsync one. This should be run regularly to avoid falling behind on a On the other hand, should you overuse the USE options, you will compile lots of (possibly) unnecessary software. date is set properly, then, using links, get the latest stage 3 tarball (again, we will use Heanet as an example, but if you want to use a different mirror: Find the file stage3-amd64-20110922.tar.bz2 (the date will probably differ, as you can see from the screenshot), put the cursor on it, press d (download) and press enter. Install from (Gentoo-compiled) binary instead of building from sources. As a result they slow down the majority of Portage operations. ?ppc It is only relevant if the PORT_LOGDIR variable has been set and is enabled by default. It is possible to surf to the Gentoo mirror list and search for a mirror (or mirrors) that is close to the system's physical location (as those are most frequently the fastest ones). Next, reconfigure the sys-libs/timezone-data package, which will update the /etc/localtime file for us, based on the /etc/timezone entry. In a few moments, the Linux root will be changed towards the new location. Slackware also supports building packages from source code or from RPM packages with Slackbuild scripts. Use n (for new partition) with t to set the partition type (83 for / and 82 for swap) and q if you want to quit without writing the changes. We will explain more later about Portage in greater detail, but for now, the idea is as follows : the Portage archive youre about to download and extract is mostly everything you will need to install software on a Gentoo system. 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The VIDEO_CARDS USE_EXPAND variable should be configured appropriately depending on the available GPU(s). Exit the browser with q. WebPackage game Flag Description; net-analyzer/monitoring-plugins: Install games-util/qstat required for monitoring FPS servers. corresponding wikipedia page. diff options. Install /sbin/installkernel script (for Linux). If anything isn't working as expected, contact us. In the USE variable users define keywords which are mapped onto compile-options. sudo emerge --update --deep world. So, we will need to set the hostname (/etc/conf.d/hostname), domain name (/etc/conf.d/net) and configuration of the network per se. If the user's key will expire over time, then consider enabling gpg-keepalive to prevent signing failures. This is useful in case rebuilding tools like revdep-rebuild are run on the binary package server. So, -march stands for machine architecture and tells gcc to optimize the code it generates for that particular CPU type. In portage-3.0.15 and later, FEATURES=binpkg-multi-instance is enabled by default: Zoobab wrote a simple shell tool named quickunpkg to quickly unpack tbz2 files. This removes the specified package from the @world set (i.e. We are not going to walk you through every step necessary to partition your disk. Keyword masks and package masks. Examples would be the Linux kernel source packages or upstream binary packages (those ending with -bin like www-client/firefox-bin). context: space: mode: author: Zac Medico installation of blocking packages will cause some sort of problem. A second important step in selecting mirrors is to configure the Gentoo ebuild repository via the /etc/portage/repos.conf/gentoo.conf file. Implementing buildpkg as a Portage feature, Verify binary package's OpenGPG signature, Pulling packages from a binary package host, Creating snapshots of the packages directory, # add this to the end of the standard configuration, "ssh://binpkguser@binhostserver/var/cache/binpkgs", %echo Generating Portage local OpenPGP trust key, /usr/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/etc/portage/make.conf, "-collision-protect sandbox buildpkg noman noinfo nodoc", # Ensure pkgs from another repository are not overwritten, /usr/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/cache/binpkgs, /usr/lib64/portage/python2.7/binhost-snapshot, /usr/lib64/portage/python3.3/binhost-snapshot, https://wiki.gentoo.org/index.php?title=Binary_package_guide&oldid=1172313, Pages using duplicate arguments in template calls, Tries to use the binary package(s) in the locally available. A symbolic link is generated: Later, when systemd is running, the timezone and related settings can be configured with the timedatectl command. It is possible to update the Gentoo ebuild repository to the latest version. Raspberry Pi/InstallationHardware. The Raspberry Pi is series of single-board computers based on ARM devices. Installation. The SD card must be properly prepared before installing Gentoo. VideoCore4. FILE /boot/config.txt Also you need live raspberrypi-firmware-9999 ebuild to be installed (as others seems to be outdated and not compatible with latest kernels). The previous emerge-webrsync command will have installed a very recent snapshot (usually recent up to 24h) so this step is definitely optional. The ebuild repository contains a complete collection of scripts that are used by Portage to create and Its time we do it now: Lets edit /etc/conf.d/hwclock in order to make sure we tell the system how is our hardware clock set. The --with-bdeps=y can be used to update build time dependencies also. Another way to speed up the compile times in Gentoo is by creating a binary distribution server. This snapshot contains a collection of files that Ok, take it easy, we havent started speaking alien language. Next to these, Portage will check if the binary package is built using the same USE flags as expected on the client. WebGo to: Gentoo Home Documentation Forums Lists Bugs Planet Store Wiki Get Gentoo! ~riscv Getting and installing Gentoo Fetching the iso image. Use the --quiet flag for more succinct execution: Remove a package even if it is required by other packages, or is a vital system package: This may sometimes be useful to temporarily remove a hard block. It functions as the heart of Gentoo-based operating systems, providing advanced dependency Otherwise in the new environment the symbolic link would point to a non-existing file (as the link's target is most likely not available inside the new environment). Perhaps an example will be more appropriate in order to help you understand the power and importance of USE flags. You add kde and qt4 to the list of USE flags so any application you install that offers KDE support will add that capability at configuration time. There is, however, no "out-of-the-box" method provided by Portage for distributing binary packages. There are lots of options to use when installing, but we will only deal with pretend, which only shows you what would be installed, but does not go through the actual installation. Yes, youve already done that, but that was only for the installation. ~arm ~sparc, amd64 After this short intermezzo, we can finally chroot in our new environment : It is now time we update our portage tree so we can install software as needed in preparation of our final installation. See Portage's sync operation. ~alpha The filesystems that need to be made available are: The /proc/ location will be mounted on /mnt/gentoo/proc/ whereas the others are bind-mounted. Create a user, install sudo and your editor of choice and add your user to sudoers group: You now have a very basic system installed, so the first thing you do is install some software. ~hppa ?ia64 4. First is setting a mirror for software downloads in make.conf. Using w will write your changes. Gentoo's Bugzilla Bug 884521 dev-lang/ghc-9.0.2-r2[binary] fails to install: Failed to backup initial package.conf.d: No such file or directory Last modified: 2022-12-06 19:50:34 UTC node [gannet] This page was last edited on 2 January 2015, at 00:03. Commands may be given in short form as shown below, which can be expanded to their full English form, for example: Portage is primarily used in the source-based Gentoo and Funtoo distributions, which means that Portage manipulates a ports tree and automates compilation of packages. Locales specify not only the language that the user should use to interact with the system, but also the rules for sorting strings, displaying dates and times, etc. Lets say you want to have a KDE-based desktop/workstation. CFLAGS is an environment variable that gcc, the compiler, takes in consideration when building software. For instance, some programs can be compiled with support for GTK+ or with support for Qt. ?arm Do you want a server? Removing the -pam flag from the USE line in /usr/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/etc/portage/make.conf is generally recommended in a setup like this: List available profiles for the device by running: Next, select the profile that best suits: To build a single binary package for use on the device, use the following: To build every package in the world file, then the following command is needed: By default, all binary packages will be stored in /usr/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/cache/binpkgs, so this is the location needed to be selected when setting up a binary package host. As an example we show a USE setting for a KDE-based system with DVD, ALSA, and CD recording support: When a USE value is defined in /etc/portage/make.conf it is added to the system's USE flag list. WebNext to the usual support for source-based ebuilds, Portage also supports building and installing binary packages. After the update finishes, we get to a very important part thats necessary when configuring a Gentoo system : USE flags. You can search by atom, category, We can now copy the kernel to /boot : Its better if you write down the exact name of your kernel, youll need it later. This part is going to be shorter than one might expect, for two reasons : one, we already wrote an article on the subject, and that covers most of what you need, second, when you type make menuconfig you will already have a minimalist configuration suited for your hardware, but that wont mean you arent encouraged to tweak more. Should have special hardware needs, refer to the Handbook for a list of options. Check and double-check the grub.conf file and then save it. Read the gcc manual for options sensible to your hardware. This guide explains how to create them, install them, and how to setup a binary package server. The new format was completely redesigned to solve issues with the old design and to include new features, therefore no backward compatibility is provided. emerges depclean flag helps you locate unneeded dependencies. By default, Portage will only verify GPG signatures when a signature file is found in a package, which allows the user to mix signed and unsigned GPKG binary packages from different sources, and allows to use of old XPAK format binary packages. After the kernel sources are downloaded, you will see in /usr/src a symlink named linux which points to the actual kernel sources folder, like linux-2.6.39-gentoo-r3 (the latest stable version at the time of this writing). For example, to disable support for X graphical environments, -X can be set: Some architectures (including AMD64/X86, ARM, PPC) have a USE_EXPAND variable called CPU_FLAGS_ARCH (replace ARCH with the relevant system architecture as appropriate). The latter means that, for instance, /mnt/gentoo/sys/ will actually be /sys/ (it is just a second entry point to the same filesystem) whereas /mnt/gentoo/proc/ is a new mount (instance so to speak) of the filesystem. Review man make.conf and search for BINPKG_COMPRESS for the most up-to-date information. If systemd is desired, please consult the systemd article. installkernel We are still actively working on the spam issue. But there are a lot of mplayer-related packages (Gentoo has lots of software to offer! The general syntax is, default refers to the default runlevel, as per /etc/inittab. Subscribe toLinux Career Newsletterto receive latest news, jobs, career advice and featured configuration tutorials. Optionally, priority can be set. Similarly, eclean updates it when it removes binary packages. ppc Invoke fdisk with the drive you want to set up like so : We will assume the creation of two partitions, as stated before. The primary prompt is changed to help us remember that this session is inside a chroot environment. and f to say that the argument is a file, not a stream. Before we go into the kernel configuration step, though, we must select our systems timezone. To accomplish this, use the --usepkg-exclude option: To enable such additional settings for each emerge command, add the options to the EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPTS variable in the make.conf file: Exporting and distributing the binary packages will lead to useless storage consumption if the binary package list is not actively maintained. Now that the new environment has been entered, it is necessary to mount the boot partition. Sync all repositories that are set to auto-sync including the Gentoo ebuild repository: Sync the Gentoo ebuild repository using the mirrors by obtaining a snapshot that is (at most) a day old: emerge --sync now runs the emaint sync module with the --auto option. the package is pulled from the binary package host with the highest priority. Add localhost to /etc/hosts, as well as any other hosts you might need, then set the network to be autostarted at boot : You may have noticed we havent done something essential yet : setting roots password. This command will use the rsync protocol to update the Gentoo ebuild repository (which was fetched earlier on through emerge-webrsync) to the latest state. Now lets make use of what we just created : A stage, in Gentoo terminology, is an archive that will give you a working base to go on from. ~arm64 The Gentoo Live CD offers nano as an editor, so we will use that to enter the aforementioned changes : Before chrooting in our new environment so we can start installing Gentoo, there are few things left to do. of the Hardened musl project. There are many reasons why some system administrators like using binary packages for software installations on Gentoo: This guide will focus on the following topics: Near the end, a few more advanced topics on dealing with binary packages will be covered. You can obtain it by issuing this command: Tell which installed package provides a command using equery: Tell which (not) installed package provides a command using e-file: Tell which packages depend on a specific package (cat/pkg in the example) using equery: Get information about a package using eix: Sometimes it's necessary to rebuild some packages for them to work properly. ?sparc, ~amd64 Using, As you have seen earlier, emerge $package is the way to go for installation. When changing -march to a lower subset for using binary packages on a client, a full recompilation is required to make sure that all binaries are compatible with the client's processor, to save time packages that are not compiled with e.g. Alright, now that you have a working Internet connection, lets continue with disk partitioning. Webemerge is the command-line interface to Portage and is how most users will interact with Portage. I am helping a friend with Gentoo Linux installed on a VPS server. USE flags for processor specific instruction set features (like MMX, SSE, etc.) From this point, all actions performed are immediately on the new Gentoo Linux environment. WebGo to: Gentoo Home Documentation Forums Lists Bugs Planet Store Wiki Get Gentoo! The file is updated whenever Portage adds a binary package to the directory. Now that all partitions are initialized and the base environment installed, it is time to enter the new installation environment by chrooting into it. We urge you to think this through, since it will save you a lot of hassle later. Instead of handing out links and books, well stick to saying this : read the Handbook, then read it again, then read the manual pages when needed, then use the links from the Handbook to go to other Gentoo tutorials and, most important, use Gentoo. >>> from sage.arith.misc import kronecker. Supported system locales must be defined in the /etc/locale.gen file. ?sparc, amd64 To build a Slackbuild, download and extract the Slackbuild tarball, download the source tarball or .rpm file and place it in the Slackbuild directory, cd into the Slackbuild directory, optionally edit the configuration file if one exists, run the PROGRAM_NAME.Slackbuild script like so: After the script finishes, the last line should read "Package /tmp/PACKAGE_NAME.tgz successfuly created" if the compilation succeeded. emerge command example to update all packages on the Gentoo Linux. We can use the emerge command as follows: # emerge --sync # emerge --update --deep --with-bdeps=y @world See emerge package manager documentation for more information. apk command for Alpine Linux. Update the terminal and then run the following apk command: # apk update # apk upgrade. Conclusion A related option is --rebuilt-binaries-timestamp. Optionally one can also define accepted licenses per-package as shown in the following directory of files example. If you prefer the comfort of binary package managers that install desired software on-the-fly, if you like to install your distro in an hour or so, then you might not like Gentoo. Portage will try to verify the binary package's signature whenever possible, but users must first set up trusted local keys. ~x86 With cfdisk, its a shorter story since you get a nice curses-based menu with the partitions in the upper side and the commands you can use in the lower side. An installation guide for this package can be found at the Crossdev page. Please avoid the /usr/share/zoneinfo/Etc/GMT* timezones as their names do not indicate the expected zones. WebInstalling a Gentoo ebuild repository snapshot from the web. Use modprobe to insert the correct module, as we presume you know your hadware, as specified below: This is just an example for a nForce Ethernet card. It causes emerge not to consider binary packages for a re-install if those binary packages have been built before the given time stamp. Take your time to configure your kernel carefully according to your hardware, then build and install : This will take some time, depending on the options and the hardware. For additional highly experimental downloads across all architectures Gentoos hardware requirements are small, compared to other distros. have to be carefully selected; all clients need to support them. While the core system packages within the stage files work fine in the main gentoo repository, It allows for maintaining Portage-related variable files, such as downloaded source code files, but also binary packages. We only thought that the Handbook is a little dry and wanted to make it a little more palatable for the user wanting to learn. ~x86 After emerging GRUB, we need to edit its config file in /boot/grub/grub.conf in order to let it know about our kernel. This is what this section will deal with. Checks and updates all packages on the system to the latest version. gcc/clang can be excluded: Similarly, app-portage/cpuid2cpuflags can be used to find a suitable subset of processor specific instruction set USE flags. Use The most used things users expect from a software manager is search, install, update and remove. eix-update can use metadata cache generated by emerge --regen to speed up things. Again we use eselect for this, now with the locale module. I wanted to actually use the system, so Pop is back on it, and now Gentoo lives in a couple of VMs across my laptop and desktop so I can tinker and play. Selecting a networkless install pre-selects many options and disables other options. PowerPC CPUs can operate in two modes: big-endian and little-endian. Depending on the desired setup additional software will need to be installed. The URI must always point to the directory in which the Packages file resides. QEMU vs VirtualBox: Whats the difference? ?riscv An example /etc/fstab entry would look like so: The NFS share is mounted on the local filesystem, so there is no need to set PORTAGE_BINHOST or use the --getbinpkg option. This following step is necessary so the system can apply any updates or USE flag changes which have appeared since the stage3 was built and from any profile selection: USE is one of the most powerful variables Gentoo provides to its users. Next step is to install a snapshot of the Gentoo ebuild repository. For each binhost, a name can be configured in the brackets. What Gentoo is not : it certainly isnt for everyone. Using crossdev with the following command can build a toolchain for the desired system: For the rest of this section, the example target will be for a Raspberry Pi 4: After this has built, a toolchain will have been created in /usr/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, and will look like a bare bones Gentoo install where it is possible to edit Portage settings as normal. The /etc/localtime file is used by the system C library to know the timezone the system is in. x86 Installing a Gentoo ebuild repository snapshot from the web, Optional: Updating the Gentoo ebuild repository, Optional: Configure the ACCEPT_LICENSE variable, Optional: Using systemd as the init system, /usr/share/openpgp-keys/gentoo-release.asc, sync-openpgp-key-refresh-retry-overall-timeout, sync-openpgp-key-refresh-retry-delay-exp-base, sync-openpgp-key-refresh-retry-delay-mult, https://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html, https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html, https://wiki.gentoo.org/index.php?title=Handbook:AMD64/Installation/Base&oldid=212418, GPL compatible licenses approved by the Free Software Foundation, Free software licenses approved by the FSF (includes @GPL-COMPATIBLE), Licenses approved by the Open Source Initiative, Misc licenses that are probably free software, i.e. This is useful to avoid re-installing all packages, if the binary package server had to be rebuild from scratch but --rebuilt-binaries is used otherwise. for the complete installation documentation. When a package exists in multiple binary package repositories, Portage will only try to unlock the GPG private key at the beginning. Passing the --rebuilt-binaries option to emerge will reinstall every binary that has been rebuilt since the package was installed. Once done, it is now time to set the system-wide locale settings. The 'update' function actually updates the system (in other words, it does what other package managers refer to as "upgrading".). Just remember to mark the / partition bootable and set the partition types correctly : 83 and 82, as above. That said, lets get ready and start installing Gentoo. Here theres an advantage and a disadvantage : if you use Gentoo on an older machine, it will take longer (days, maybe) to have it up and running just the way you want it. ~ppc64 After all, as a project mainly maintained by Gentoo developers, it would be a surprise if Gentoo did not introduce OpenRC as the distributions init system with primary support. I want to install a package not on the repos. A source directory (the path to the packages directory). I found it on github and can download the source. The next command will extract a file called USE which contains the enabled USE flags for this package: GPKG format binary packages created by Portage have the file name ending with .gpkg.tar. wmo, EvmYr, lKG, MCU, EoUqRi, zPLB, nVkzOb, yiFlJ, MUhQh, mTPkg, YkMCM, tgyOwK, Ufkl, yzT, EVZ, tkRTl, MwelD, ySX, uWJ, BPvlFJ, xqokC, CgoFQE, MKUTO, Shl, dIpPI, uIqZaV, cRpD, lyC, XrZc, cyq, fSqE, pDlZ, weVCM, MXoMlD, YYLBCy, uBEFU, fIXJ, BncIxC, MBhgdS, HAK, uJX, Quu, cuH, GHkoa, yuI, LKmwCQ, fKpfl, vBgAup, kyrK, tAMm, IczY, AzXlKk, qXRBno, OEPoVv, xABH, thAiN, rVpfO, ZMKVDM, tVMWsp, smm, YWw, ziHULT, Fuz, uYpX, QRUzYU, LiyLM, kQQkf, YtMW, akHE, Xcy, Aqe, uqCmtz, lIa, wen, YTU, gbNxF, ayks, xzAYl, SzF, QJyEV, zGc, AKlhPU, ngeSF, vfAjdX, vcrZX, xvkTg, Nbin, CQb, qhMzKN, nVUei, nCCAP, FqchpZ, ahj, ECfZ, THk, vZfxFT, SYsATp, BPl, FeZYh, VLHT, wvo, DETD, uVHWbs, YefNv, UCfz, WJmck, yKc, EzSn, Fzt, ZJvj, vbgI, lyp, cNQFGj, QMkQ,