"Fiat Group Automobiles S.p.A." was created on 1 February 2007 from Fiat Auto S.p.A.[3], Simultaneously, the four divisions of Fiat Auto (Fiat, Alfa Romeo, Lancia and Fiat Veicoli Commerciali) were made into four Societ per azioni, all controlled 100 percent by Fiat Group Automobiles. Fiat is also has one of the largest shareholdings in RCS MediaGroup. Italy, France, Germany, Spain, UK, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Denmark and Belgium will have the offers active throughout the month of April . Fiat produced, among the rest, the successful Pendolino tilting trains, the first working prototype four-car set being run in the mid-1970s. With the demise of the Zastava 750 in 1981, the minicar gap in the Zastava range was filled by the Zastava Koral, which was best known in Britain and America as the Yugo Tempo or Yugo 45/55. The Fiat Group contained many brands such as Ferrari, Maserati, Fiat, Alfa Romeo, the Chrysler Group, and many more. The Sestriere skiing facilities were sold by the group in 2006. It was created in 1903 with the launch of the 24HP model. [51] On 5 January 2012 Fiat released press info that the ownership has increased to 58.5%. In February 2004, the company sold its interest in Fiat Engineering, as well as its stake in Edison. Besides Fiat Group Automobiles S.p.A., Fiat Group automotive companies include Chrysler Group LLC and Maserati S.p.A. Aceh; Prov. The company was reorganized on a product-line basis, with two main product groupsone for passenger cars, the other for trucks and tractorsand a number of semi-independent division and subsidiaries. Stellantis Italy S.p.A., formerly known as Fiat Group Automobiles S.p.A. and FCA Italy S.p.A., is the Italian subsidiary of the multinational automaker Stellantis, dedicated to the production The funds argued that the sale went against US bankruptcy law because it unlawfully rewarded unsecured creditors ahead of secured creditors. On 10 June, the Supreme Court announced that Fiat was now an owner of the new Chrysler a.k.a. In 1959, Piaggio came under the control of the Agnelli family. In 1966 the decision was made to have its own assembly plant. By 1978 a car manufacturing facility was well established in Crdoba, producing Fiat 128s as well as two models which from the Italian perspective belonged in earlier decades, the 125 (with some derivates) and the 600R.[88]. Consequently, in 1984, Fiat and Lancia withdrew from the United States market. FCA India Automobiles Private Limited (FCAIPL), formerly known as "Fiat Group Automobiles India Private Limited", was formed in 1997.The company was established for production of cars and engine under the brand Fiat, Abarth and Jeep.It is the ninth largest Indian car manufacturer by sales in India. 1978 saw the appearance of a new five-door hatchback, the FSO Polonez, that made use of Fiat 125p running gear. Update now. Zastavas were not popular outside of Eastern Europe before the 1980s, although they were exported to the US and several European countries under the Yugo brand during the 1980s. The most famous product launched by Zastava is the Zastava 101, a front-wheel drive car based on the Fiat 128, also available as a hatchback version never sold in Italy. %PDF-1.5
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The collection of the brands's record-breaking and rally racing cars was put on display in the new Abarth headquarters, located in the industrial hub of Mirafiori. On his initiative, Fiat automobile and truck plants were also constructed in industrial centers of Yugoslavia, Poland, Bulgaria, and Romania. It was the first Fiat factory to use assembly lines; by 1925, Fiat controlled 87% of the Italian car market. 1 0 obj
More than 10,000,000 units have been produced in Fiat Automveis factory in Betim since 1976,[71] plus 232,807 units in the Fiat Argentina plant of Crdoba. [4] The merger became effective 12 October 2014.[5][6]. Stellantis Canada (formerly, FCA Canada, Inc. and Chrysler Canada ), is the wholly owned subsidiary of Stellantis through its North American division operating in Canada. Fiat would also provide engine and transmission technology to enable Chrysler to introduce smaller, fuel-efficient models in the NAFTA market. The company was known as Fiat-Concord until 1980. Today the Fiat Linea car is amongst those manufactured by the Fiat-Tofas joint venture in Turkey, and the company has 12.1% of the Turkish car market as of 2007.[97]. Sales continued in its homeland, with an update at the end of the 1990s. [32] In December 2013, Marchionne announced that he intended to discontinue the Grande Punto so that the company could focus on "cool, high margin" Fiat 500 (2007) variants and the Fiat Panda. Maserati and Ferrari are not under the control of FCA Italy. After losing a competition to produce a series of new machine-guns for the Regia Aeronautica, SAFAT was sold to the winning competitor Societ Italiana Ernesto Breda, forming Breda-SAFAT. Also, in 1986 15% of Fiat company stock was still owned by Libya, an investment dating back to the mid-seventies. [7] As of 2002, Fiat built more than 1 million vehicles at six plants in Italy and the country accounted for more than a third of the company's revenue.[7]. The Zastava factory in Kragujevac was later bombed, but was rebuilt after the war ended, and production continued at another factory in Kragujevac. Following the acquisition of Chrysler group and further integration, it became FCA (Fiat Chrysler [87], Fiat has been present in Argentina since the beginning of the 20th century. [36] The Financial Times estimate of Fiat's debt at the time was almost 28,000,000,000. A planned city called Tolyatti (named after Palmiro Togliatti, former Italian Communist Party Secretary) was developed around the factory, which started producing a "people's car" similar to the Volkswagen Beetle and Citron 2CV of Germany and France. Production systems are made mainly through Comau S.p.A. (now Comau Systems), which bought the American Pico, Renault Automation and Sciaky and produces industrial automation systems. In 1973, entrepreneur Upali Wijewardena's Upali Motor Company began assembly of the local variant of Fiat 128, known as UMC-Fiat 128. [28] At the end of the 2005 financial year, the company saw its first profit in 17 quarters of 196M for the first 9 months of FY2006.[29]. Palazzo Grassi, a well-known historic building in Venice, now a museum and formerly supported by Fiat, was eventually sold to the French businessman Franois Pinault in January 2005. FCA Italy Spa S A (incl. The takeover of FSM by Fiat has been considered Stellantis Heritage (formerly, FCA Heritage) is a department established to protect and promote the historic legacy both automotive and archival of the Italian brands Alfa Romeo, Fiat, Lancia and Abarth. This was replaced by a version of the Fiat 131, known as the Tofa ahin. [56] Resulting projects included the GM Fiat Small platform and Fiat-GM Powertrain. Most famous were Fiat biplane fighter aircraft of the 1930s, Fiat CR.32 and Fiat CR.42. At the time, Fiat was a conglomerate, owning Alitalia, toll highways, a typewriter and office machine manufacturer, electronics and electrical equipment firms, a paint company, a civil engineering firm, and an international construction company. The success of the Grande Punto model was in large part responsible for the turnaround in Fiat's fortunes, but the award-winning 500 cemented it. Ingest Facility and Fiat Engineering work in various fields of construction, while IPI is a mediation company that also deals with the management of real estate properties. FCA Italy was founded in 1978. Agnelli responded by quitting the company. FCA Italy Spa S A (incl. Fiat has undertaken numerous joint ventures and alliances. The major Italian component maker Magneti Marelli is owned by Fiat, and it in turn owns other brands such as AL-Automotive Lighting, Carello, Cromodora, Cofap, Ergom Automotive, Jaeger, Mako Elektrik, Paraflu, Seima, Siem SpA, Solex, Veglia Borletti, Vitaloni and Weber. Fiat Italy took over the American operation in 1917 and reduced the lineup to the Type 55, now sitting on a 140in (3.56m) wheelbase. FCA Heritage has listed and mapped all the official Alfa Romeo, Fiat, Lancia and Abarth clubs and takes part in international exhibitions dedicated to vintage cars in official capacity, including Concours d'Elegance, rallies, classic car gatherings and specialised motor shows, such as Goodwood Festival of Speed,[15] Rtromobile,[16] the Geneva Motor Show, Mille Miglia,[17] the Cesana-Sestriere rally and Targa Florio. Iveco was demerged into Fiat Industrial at the beginning of 2011.[61]. Fiat was founded in 1899 by a group of investors, including Giovanni Agnelli. [59] The company also owns Autobianchi but the marque has been dormant since 1995, and Innocenti, which ceased production in 1996. [67] This model has a six-cylinder version of the Type 54 engine, displacing 8,549cc (522cuin) and mounted in a chassis with a 135in (3.43m) wheelbase. Commencing in 1978, the Type Four platform was an alliance between Alfa Romeo, Fiat, Lancia and Saab and resulting in a range of cars on sale in the mid-1980s. View original page. Previous Fiat Group models which have won European Car of the Year: Fiat 124 (1967), Fiat 128 (1970), Fiat 127 (1972), Lancia Delta (1980), Fiat Uno (1984), Fiat Tipo (1989), Fiat Punto (1995), Fiat Bravo/Brava (1996), Alfa Romeo 156 (1998), Alfa Romeo 147 (2001) and the Fiat Panda (2004). The parent company, Fiat Industrial S.p.A., was listed on the Milan stock exchange on 3 January 2011. Maserati S.p.A. is not under the [46] On 11 April 2011, it announced achievement of the second performance objective, increasing its stake a further 5% to 30%. Under Marchionne Fiat also re-entered several large markets that it had exited years before, such as Mexico and Australia. They assembled the Fiat Ritmo at the behest of Nasr. [73][74][75] The performance slightly increased and fuel consumption was 30% higher but the cost of the alcohol was a quarter of the gasoline because, at that time, petrol had become expensive as a consequence of the 1979 oil crisis. In 1964, the aeronautical and motorcycle divisions split to become independent companies. An insurance company, Toro Assicurazioni, allowed Fiat to control a relevant part of this market (also with minor companies like Lloyd Italico) and to interact with some associated banks. After World War I, Fiat consolidated several Italian small aircraft manufacturers, like Pomilio and Ansaldo. engine and gearbox, but the body and four-wheel drive system are VAZ designs. That same year, sales reached an all-time high in the US, corresponding to the Iranian Oil Crisis. [2] Vittorio Ghidella was named CEO. [20], A number of services are offered to Alfa Romeo, Fiat, Lancia and Abarth classic car owners, including certification of authenticity,[21] certificate of origin and a vintage car restoration and repair service, as well as a classic car trading programme, called Reloaded by Creators. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. [57], In 2012, Fiat formed an alliance with Mazda to develop and build a new rear wheel drive roadster for the Alfa Romeo and Mazda brands.[58]. Fiat assembly plants are among the best automated and advanced in the world. Stellantis Poland (formerly, FCA Poland S.A., until April 1, 2015 "Fiat Auto Poland SA") is an automobile factory belonging to Stellantis formed on May 28, 1992, after Fiat acquired Fabryka Samochodw Maolitraowych (FSM) in Bielsko-Biaa and Tychy.At that time, Fiat Auto took over 90% of the company's shares. 19671971 produced Pirin-Fiat in Lovech, Bulgaria. The cost of a Fiat in the US was initially $4,000[18] and rose up to $6,400 in 1918,[19] compared to $825 for a Ford Model T in 1908,[20] and $525 in 1918, respectively. In 2005, Fiat formed an alliance with Ford to create a new small car, resulting in the Fiat 500 and Ford Ka. [11] Agnelli led the company until his death in 1945, while Vittorio Valletta administered the firm's daily activities. It outlived the car on which it was based, with production lasting until 1981. The 2003 Zastava 10 model was another Fiat designthis time the second generation Punto, and in 2009 was renamed Fiat Punto Classic, A new memorandum of understanding between Fiat and the Serb ministry of economic and regional development about the acquisition of Zastava's Kragujevac plant in 2008 led to a new company being set up in which the Italians would have a 70 percent stake and the Serb government 30 percent. Fiat-brand cars are built in several locations around the world. Including joint-ventures, license production and outsourced production. Also, Japanese automakers had been taking an ever-larger share of the car market, increasing at more than half a percent a year. <>
S>`"&XG;N R0QMrq7m*XKe@%LT@WX.02EKq/)TRm~bV"|ZO q2%e8"=K]$S;NCysABbUEVt Dk@_~ac6 Rbwy51\P"Y#Q/)3"5a?p I y^ KJ /y9#{V\'wUf;U^@t%w..E=&raCRhe~J7ng$Kz=6*RiFE!Fyh*L#/,W[}c *C? The current day automobile manufacturing started with a new factory opened in Crdoba on 20 December 1996. Maserati and Ferrari are not under the control of FCA Italy. For Fiat branded Agricultural & Construction equipments from 1917 to 1991, see Fiat Trattori and from 1992 to 2014, see CNH Global. No cash or financial support was required from Fiat under the agreement. The former brand directors became CEOs of the new societies, while the employees and production facilities remained under FCA. Fiat S.p.A. and Chrysler Group in 2014 merged to become FCA[6] and FCA Heritage was founded the following year to expand the Abarth experience to the Alfa Romeo, Fiat and Lancia brands. This list contains all current FCA Italy automobile assembly sites. Its acronymous name was changed to upper- and lower-case Fiat in 1906. Fiat entered into a 50:50 joint venture with GAC Group in 2010 to create GAC Fiat Automobiles Co, with a factory in Changsha completed in 2012 producing a localised version of the Dodge Dart sold as the Fiat Viaggio. The Lancia Museum, located in Borgo San Paolo in Turin closed in 1993[4] and the cars of its collection were transferred to an industrial building belonging to the Fiat Group in Beinasco. The original factory, located in the city of Belo Horizonte, cost $250million to build. @RIUhlt7zJ~.o_nc2$t=~'y^W.v,$#Qy&3i()(~|~YURa:Xow]lt\=_=nbXTV+F0=+t4H$~Z.OgH&gE?_^zDpE"S>)?NL/&\3~Dm9>ND:[#\_/{qOO~9/&uLD?w-?1bW\RgDG1I1PX-\g|(fqn* In the 1950s, the company designed the G.91 light ground attack plane. endobj
[citation needed] However, a Jack Welch[who? It was based on the 1971 Fiat 127, which was due to be replaced by the Fiat Uno in 1983. Certification and restoration services dedicated to the vintage cars of the brand were activated in parallel. [93] Capacity was increased with production reaching over 600,000 in 2009, but dropped below 300,000 in 2013, resulting in the workforce being cut by a third.[94]. This car was largely identical to the European Tipo 5 and was also manufactured for export. The motorcycle division, Vespa, thrived until 1992, when Giovanni Alberto Agnelli became CEObut Agnelli was already suffering from cancer, and died in 1997. [52] The stake was further increased to 68.49% in July 2013. However, since 2009, Marchionne has presided over a business that has experienced a loss in European market share from 9.3 to 6.2 percent. Fiat Gesco, KeyG Consulting, Sadi Customs Services, Easy Drive, RM Risk Management and Servizio Titoli are minor companies that work for public services, delivering services in economics and financial fields. Production of the new carthe Polski Fiat 125pbegan in 1967. [53] On 1 January 2014, Fiat announced it would be acquiring the remaining shares of Chrysler owned by the VEBA worth $3.65billion. Italian regional subsidiary of Stellantis, "Il vertice per la Fiat degli "Anni Ottanta", "Ora Fiat Auto cambia nome: diventa Fiat Group Automobiles", "Svolta Fiat: torna l'Abarth e diventa marchio indipendente", "Chrysler and Fiat names dropped from corporate titles", "FCA and PSA Operations Merge, Founding Stellantis", Chrysler World Headquarters and Technology Center, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stellantis_Italy&oldid=1123675279, Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 2007, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia pages move-protected due to dispute, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 25 November 2022, at 01:34. Forever! [65], The first model offered was the Type 54, corresponding to the European Tipo 4. Italian regional subsidiary of Stellantis, see Chrysler template for a list of marques, divisions and joint ventures, Chrysler World Headquarters and Technology Center, Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 2007, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Stellantis Italy, formerly known as Fiat Group Automobiles S.p.A. from 2007 to 2014 and FCA Italy S.p.A. from 2014 to 2021, is the Italian subsidiary of the multinational automaker ", "Vendas Atacado Mercado Interno por Tipo e Empresa Combustvel Flex Fuel 2008 (Tabela 08)", "Fiat Siena Tetra Power: Your Choice of Four Fuels", "Nouvelle Fiat Siena 2008: sans complexe", "Portaria N 143, de 27 de Junho de 2007", "Lei N 8.723, de 28 de Outubro de 1993. subsidiaries, affiliated brands and joint ventures) (JV t, Alfa o, p) key) C (JV a) ) a) Numbering Scheme / Structure of Supplier Codes (if applicable) Fiat SML Codes Fiat SML Codes Codes Codes Codes Can more than 1 supplier code exist for kaGv=~|R~=6lOZ6hk\ On 10 January 2011, Fiat announced that it had increased its share in Chrysler from 20% to 25% following the achievement of the first of three performance objectives. On December 15, 2014 Fiat Group Automobiles S.p.A. changed name to "FCA Italy S.p.A."; the name change was announced to the press the following day. Umberto Agnelli then took over as chairman from 2003 to 2004. It is Italy's largest industrial concern. In 1966, Fiat helped USSR state industries build a new car factory (AvtoVAZ) on the Volga river. The North Korean car manufacturer and dealer Pyeonghwa Motors assembles two Fiat models under licence since 2002: Hwiparam(whistle)based on the Fiat Siena, Bbeokgugi(owl)based on the Fiat Dobl. The manufacturing started with VESPA scooters in 1948. Of the 300 cars on display in the Heritage Hub, 64 feature in eight thematic areas[12] with eight models each. [62] Some of Fiat's light commercial vehicle products include the Fiat Ducato, Fiat Scudo and Fiat Dobl Cargo. Other notable designs were fighters CR.20, G.50, G.55 and a bomber, the Fiat BR.20. Toro Assicurazioni was acquired by the giant insurance company Assicurazioni Generali and is no longer part of the Fiat Group. FCA Italy S.p.A. (formerly Fiat Group Automobiles S.p.A.) is the Italian subsidiary of the Italian-American automaker Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, dedicated to the production and selling of [68] Duesenberg proceeded to transfer the machinery to their plant in Elizabeth, NJ, to build aircraft engines. On 29 January 2014, it was announced that Fiat S.p.A. would be merged into a new company, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles NV, incorporated in the Netherlands with tax domicile in the UK. Stellantis Italy, formerly known as Fiat Group Automobiles S.p.A. from 2007 to 2014 and FCA Italy S.p.A. from 2014 to 2021, is the Italian subsidiary of the multinational automaker Stellantis, dedicated to the production and selling of passenger cars and light commercial vehicles and headquartered in Turin, Italy. In 1973, Fiat established Comau, an industrial automation company out of the various suppliers which had equipped the AvtoVAZ plant in Russia. US foreign policy under President Reagan's administration canceled a Pentagon contract to produce earth movers with Fiat and pressured the company into brokering a buyout of the Libyan investment. Fiat owns Teksid S.p.A., the largest iron foundry group in the world with a production capacity of approximately 600,000 tons annually. The Fiat 131, known as the Holland Car DOCC. The former brand directors became CEOs of the new societies, while the employees and production facilities remained under Fiat Group Automobiles. Production was suspended in the early 2000s as the Argentinean economy went downhill. Paolo Fresco became chairman of Fiat in 1998 with the hope that the veteran of General Electric would bring more emphasis on shareholder value to Fiat. Fiat Group currently produces vehicles under twelve brands: Abarth, Alfa Romeo, Chrysler, Dodge, Ferrari, Fiat, Fiat Professional, Jeep, Lancia, Maserati, Ram Trucks, and SRT. In 2019, the department opened its operational headquarters, the "Heritage HUB". [22] By the early 1920s, Fiat had a market share in Italy of 80%. <>
By the time he took power, Fiat's market share in Italy had fallen to 41%[citation needed] from around 62% in 1984. Since 2007, Teksid S.p.A. runs also Teksid Aluminum S.r.l. FSO was taken over by Daewoo of South Korea in 1995, and become independent again in late 2000, after Daewoo went bankrupt and was taken over by General Motors. "Fiat Group Automobiles S.p.A." was created on 1 February 2007 from Fiat Auto S.p.A. b~-WAdpvdeV:_X0n>v>rKJAP}'m-KQexp+ay E'. Such a system was effective in the past, but lacked the responsiveness and flexibility needed by Fiat's steady expansion, and the growth of its international operations in the 1960s. Following up on an agreement Valletta had made with Soviet officials in 1966, Agnelli constructed the AvtoVAZ plant in the new city of Togliattigrad on the Volga. [14] That same year, the first Fiat aircraft engine was produced. By 1908 the company produced around 120 trucks, and by the end of 1918 production had grown to 17,000. In the 1970s and 1980s, the company became a pioneer in the use of industrial robotics for the assembly of motor vehicles. [76] Production of the Fiat Palio world car began in 1996. societ per azioni (S.p.a.),[10] Italian Automobile Factory of Turin, in 1899. [3], At the same time the Abarth brand was relaunched as Abarth & C. S.p.A., a fifth independent society again owned 100 percent by Fiat Group Automobiles. Top management, freed from responsibility for day-by-day operations of the company, was able to devote its efforts to more far-reaching goals. FCA Serbia. Luar Negeri; Prov. Currently the El-Mashreq Company, a part of the Seoudi Group is the main manufacturer of Alfa Romeo and Fiat vehicles for the Egyptian market. [citation needed] Fiat launched its 500, which had been available in Europe since 2007, in the United States and Canada in 2011, marking the company's return to the American auto market, which it had been absent from since 1984. Unions insisted that pay raises be set by length of tenure, rather than performance. The production facility is located in Landhi Industrial Area, Karachi, Pakistan. This Italian corporation or company article is a stub. subsidiaries, affiliated brands and joint ventures) (JV t, Alfa o, p) key) C (JV a) ) a) Numbering Scheme / Structure of Supplier Codes (if applicable) Fiat SML Codes 4 0 obj
Fiat Ferroviaria was later sold to Alstom in 2000. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}450157N 74001E / 45.032580N 7.666934E / 45.032580; 7.666934, This article is about the former holding company of, Indiana State Police Pension Trust v. Chrysler, Polskie Zakady Inynieryjne (Polish Engineering Works, PZIn), "Fiat S.p.A. approves merger plan for the formation of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles", "Merger opens new chapter for Fiat Chrysler Automobiles", "Fiat Chrysler Automobiles merger to become official Sunday", "Fiat says merger into Dutch-registered FCA effective October 12", "Maserati Boom Signals Fiat 'Arrivederci' to Italian Past", "Fiat, a joint-stock company that soon become famous", "Corruption at Fiat Is Admitted by Chairman", "Sergio Marchionne steps down as Fiat CEO", "FIAT S P A, Form 20-F, Filing Date Jun 30, 2006", "After split with Tata Motors, Fiat begins its solo India ride", "Sergio Marchionne, Fiat's turnaround man", "Fiat Looks to Maseratis, Jeeps, and the Cute Little 500 for a Jump-Start", "Fiat Reportedly Plans to Invest 9 Billion on New Models Built in Italy, Will Kill Punto", "Fiat shareholders approve corporate split", "Fiat confirms plan to acquire 35% stake in Chrysler", "20.01.2009 Fiat to take equitiy stake in Chrysler as alliance is announced", "Clarifications on certain issues relating to the Chrysler-Fiat Alliance", "Fiat May Increase Chrysler Stake to 51% Before IPO", "Fiat Nears Stake in Chrysler That Could Lead to Takeover", "Supreme Court Won't Block Chrysler-Fiat Deal", "Fiat increases ownership of Chrysler Group LLC", "Fiat increases its interest in Chrysler", "Fiat may buy government stakes in Chrysler soon, source says", "SEC filings reveal Fiat can take its stake in Chrysler Group to over 70 percent", "SEC in Chrysler Bailout, Taxpayers Likely To Lose Up To $1.3 Billion: Treasury", "Fiat increases its interest in Chrysler Group LLC to 58.5%", "Fiat ownership stake in Chrysler to increase to 61.8% | Auto news | Detroit Free Press", "Fiat to take total control of Chrysler in $3.65bn deal", "Fiat Cinquecento named European Car of the Year", "Fiat Industrial Cuts 2013 Goals on Iveco's European Sales", "For a brief spell, Fiat built cars in America", "The 9 Liter 1912 FIAT Type 55 Fleetwood Roadster", "Fiat Automveis s.a. Betim, Minas Gerais Brazil", "Fiat comemora a marca de 10 milhes de carros produzidos no Brasil | Carplace Portal do Automvel", "Brazil's Ethanol Program An Insider's View", "How to Beat the High Cost of Gasoline. In 1992 Fiat owned 90% of FSM (called Fiat Auto Poland, since 1993) and since then it produced Cinquecento, Uno, Seicento, Siena and Palio Weekend models with the capacity up to 200.000 cars a year. In 1977 appears the Fiat 133, just a rebadged Seat 133 but made in Argentina.
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