The definition of the aspect, social exchange theory will be considered from different perspectives. The theory of social exchange views human interactions and exchanges as a kind of results-driven social behavior. New York: Wiley. The basic definition of social exchange theory is that people make decisions by consciously or unconsciously measuring the costs and rewards of a relationship or action, ultimately seeking to maximize their reward. At times, imbalances are likely to occur, but if this is a persistent pattern, it can cause severe fractures in the health of the relationship. Pertukaran terjadi dalam beberapa bentuk dalam matriks, anatara lain, pertukaran langsung, pertukaran tergeneralisasi dan pertukaran produktif. Albert Bandura's social learning theory talks about modeling and positive reinforcement. Four figures were largely respon sible: George Homans. Homans himself acknowledged the theory is a general behavioral psychology, admittedly applied to a limited range of social situations.. As a consequence, tests of the model, as well as its applications, tend to rely on an incompletely specified set of ideas. The exchange theory has its foundations in neo-classical economic theory, and has been applied in a number of disciplines including anthropology, sociology and social psychology (Johar, 2005; Sprecher, 1998). The figure for the same . Jadi perilaku sosial terdiri atas pertukaran paling sedikit antar dua orang berdasarkan perhitungan untung-rugi. The person youre relating with might have even been unaware of how their behavior was affecting you, especially if they value different things, or talk a different love language. In a comparison of two situations where the same costs are required, humans choose the one which gives the best outcome. Social exchange theory was first proposed by sociologist George Homans in his 1958 essay Social Behavior as Exchange.. Based on basic economic principles and the behavioral psychology theories of B. F. Skinner, Homans believed that two people in a social interaction either rewarded or punished the actions of the other. When researching social exchange theory, I noticed its link to intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation (which is part of self-development theory, or SDT). And relationships are based on mutuality. Level perbandingan untuk alternative (Comparison Level for Alternatives), didasarkan pada hubungan individu yang lebih memilih meninggalkan hubungan yang memuaskan dan tetap tinggal pada hubungan yang tidak memuaskan. Relationships among individuals and organizations are based on exchange. Homans, G. C. (1961). Of course, the reality is much, much more complex. Seseorang memberikan kepada orang lain, dan penerima merespon tetapi tidak kepada orang pertama.akhirnya, pertukaran dapat bersifat produktif, yaitu kedua aktor harus saling berkontribusi agar keduanya memperoleh keuntungan. He believed that individual behaviors and exchanges could affect the actions of institutions. In other words, it's a metric designed to determine the effort poured in by an individual in a person-to-person relationship. Bahwa manusia adalah makhluk rasional merupakan asumsi yang penting bagi teori pertukaran sosial. This theory mainly focuses on relationships that help individuals' gain. There are factors involved in this process. Let's say you have a casual friend that you enjoy hanging out with. Social exchange theory is one of the most prominent conceptual perspectives in management, as well as related fields like sociology and social psychology. The Social Exchange Theory proposes that all relations we either form, maintain, or break is due to a cost-benefit analysis. Social exchange theorists view relationship formation as behavior that may result . The theory is also built on the premise that the outcome of profitable relationships is generally durable trust and attraction (Blau, 1964). Services Place order Purchase Solutions 24/7 Support Quick Links Terms of service Copyright policy Privacy Policy Contact Email: Support@homeworksmontana.com Phone: +1 437 539-6910 Search Style Guide 2022 Homeworksmontana.com Thibaut dan Kelly berpendapat bahwa ketika orang berinteraksi, mereka dituntun oleh tujuan. For example, the idea of a perfect romantic partner, as seen in Hollywood, might lead someone to have an unhealthy expectation of what makes the relationship profitable. Pertama, matriks terkondisi (Given Matrix), mempresentasikan pilihan-pilihan perilaku dan hasil akhir yang ditentukan oleh kombinasi faktor-faktor eksternal (lingkungan) dan faktor internal (keahlian tertentu yang dimiliki oleh masing-masing individu). Access thousands of already completed solutions. Social exchange theory grew out of the intersection of economics, psychology and sociology. Goalcast is an inspiring community for achievers dedicated to helping you improve all aspects of your life. Privacy policy | Social Exchange Theory. Social exchange theory uses similar logic to describe interpersonal relationships and why we choose to continue some and end others. Equally, intimate relationships require moments of selflessness. For webmasters |, COPYRIGHT 2010 Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Department of Communications Media. Log in. By understanding this model, and comparing it to your relationships, youll be able to get a clearer picture of which relationships are imbalanced, why that might be the case, and what steps you can take to address it. Get your free copy of my book, Mindsets for Mindfulness, for practical guidance to overcome the ego on the journey of growth. The empirical focus of this study examines HRM practices through Meeker's (1971) Social Exchange Theory to understand the factors that influence the management of workers with intellectual disabilities in Australia. Much of social life involves interactions between individuals or corporate actors in dyads, groups, organizations or networks that can be viewed as social exchanges. The methodological challenges of studying social exchange in the laboratory and in the world outside the lab are addressed as well as links between exchange theory and topics under study by. Pentingnya waktu dan perubahan dalam kehidupan suatu hubungan. The social exchange theory proposes that social behavior is the result of an exchange process between two people. 35. Cook, K. S., & Rice, E. (2003). Social exchange theory is a sociological and psychological theory that studies the social behavior in the interaction of two parties that implement a cost-benefit analysis to determine risks and benefits. Together they created one of the most influential works in social psychology; The Social Psychology of Groups (1959). You have a friend who frequently blows you off to hang out with other people. (1976). New York: Wiley. But what about spending time with friends? Summary of theory. It's a sociological concept that. Dalam pertukaran langsung (Direct Exchange), timbal balik dibatasi pada kedua aktor yang terlibat. Is there any improvement to the theory The first major publication regarding Social Exchange Theory, entitled "The Social Psychology of Groups," was published by John Thibault and Harold Kelley in 1952. In 1976 one early researcher of social exchange theory referred to it as the economic analysis of noneconomic social situations.. It can be applied to all sorts of interpersonal relationships, like those between significant others, a professional and their client, or parents and children. Ac. Personally speaking, I dont believe viewing all relationships as economical transactions is key to long-lasting, nourishing bonds, or deeper intimacy. Social exchange theory is often used to help explain why some relationships end and others persist. Righetti F, et al. They expand on and formalize this idea which was originally conceived by George Caspar Homans. Besides the challenges that come with such relationships, major ones include costs while benefits on the other hand are known as rewards. Hal ini konruen dengan asumsi yang menyatakan bahwa manusia merupakan makhluk yang rasional. Manusia mencapai penghargaan dan menghindari hukuman. Social exchange theory is used to explain people's actions in a variety of settings and within a multitude of relationships. The assumptions that Social Exchange Theory makes about human nature include the following statements: Humans seek rewards and avoid punishments. Level perbandingan (Comparison Level) adalah standar yang mewakili perasaan orang mengenai apa yang mereka harus terima dalam hal penghargaaan dan pengorbanan dari sebuah hubungan. Social exchange theory relationship examples. According to this theory the individual measures all social interactions against personal gains that he achieves. Ageism and employee. But friendships, romantic relationships, and adult familial relationships all require a healthy balance to function well. Social exchange theory is a two-sided process involving two actions - one is to give and the other is to get something in return. Pengenalan. Social exchange theory is based on the premise that the interactions and communications between human beings occur from the motivation of rewards and reduction of losses (Thibaut & Kelley, 1959). Social exchange theory doesnt come without philosophical challenges. Exchange of similar resources results in more satisfaction ( Foa and Foa 1980). Essay Sample The Theory of Social Exchange is a social psychological and sociological theory that explains social change and stability as a process of negotiated exchanges between parties. Equity, equality, and self-interest in marital maintenance. The capitalist economy, wherein the producers and the consumer both receive mutual benefits through the exchange of goods and services is also a prominent example of social exchange theory. Like all relationship issues, this is a dynamic, without one side purely to blame. And relationship type influences the exchange of resources. Social exchange theory is one of the most prominent conceptual perspectives in management, as well as related fields like sociology and social psychology. This chapter presents an overview of the main theories of social exchange focusing on the key contributors in sociology, including George Homans, Peter Blau . Karena setiap individu memliki pengalaman yang berbeda dalam jenis hubungan yang sama, mereka membangun level hubungan yang berbeda. Author exploring the soul of self-development, the mystery of existence, and the heartful path to maximising the human potential. Keep in mind that this doesnt have to mean writing out a list of pros and cons or even consciously thinking about the rewards or punishments that come with a relationship. Topics: Communication Human Nature Social Psychology. Thibaut dan Kelly mendeskripsikan tiga matriks yang berbeda dalam teori pertukaran sosial. It takes its place alongside social systems theory, symbolic interactionism, structural-functionalism, and conflict theory. Evaluasi ini didasarkan pada dual perbandingan : level perbandingan dan level perbandingan untuk alternatif. Examines the central concepts and main research topics within the frame of reference of the social exchange theory, giving special attention to major controversies that have sprung from those concepts: rationality, tautology, and reductionism. Here's a brief refresher: Social exchange theory says that human relationships and social behavior are rooted in an exchange process. Social exchange theory is one of a number of social science theories that has been proposed to explain the dynamics of how humans interact. Dengan kata lain hubungan pertukaran dengan orang lain akan menghasilkan suatu imbalan bagi kita. That leads us to the difficulty of quantifying what social exchange theory means by reward. When relationships become too risky for folks, they decide to ax them altogether. Relationships require different levels of investment, from your time, emotions, energy, attention, or even financial input. Social exchange theory provides a framework that can illuminate your motivation in relationships, allowing you to be clearer in what youre looking to create. Social exchange theory is a broad social psychological perspective that attempts to explain how human social relationships are formed, maintained, and terminated. Resentment and guilt are two sides of the same coin when it comes to social exchange theory. Just think of any time youve taken more than your fair allocation of taking the rubbish out. Their discoveries offer psychological insight into the deeper motivations of human behavior. By default, no relationship is zero cost, even if that cost is our energy or attention. For example, someone who overextends and gives too much might have difficulty communicating or setting boundaries. This theory focuses on face-to-face relationships and isn't meant to measure behavior or change at a societal level. Proposisi yang terkenal sehubungan dengan prinsip tersebut berbunyi seseorang dalam hubungan pertukaran dengan orang lain akan mengharapkan imbalan yang diterima oleh setiap pihak sebanding dengan pengorbanan yang telah dikeluarkannya makin tingghi pengorbanan, makin tinggi imbalannya dan keuntungan yang diterima oleh setiap pihak harus sebanding dengan investasinya makin tinggi investasi, makin tinggi keuntungan. Interpreting hominid behavior on the basis of sexual dimorphism. Dielaborasi ilmu sosial. A reward will look different for different people. If you spend time with someone who treats you with disrespect but is generous in other ways, the feelings of anxiety or frustration might lead to a higher cost than other rewards on offer. In 1961. he amplified his argument . Matriks yang terakhir yaitu matriks disposisional (Dispositional Matrix), mempresentasikan bagaimana dua orang berpendapat bahwa mereka harus saling bertukar penghargaan. John Thibaut. Words: 1303. According to social exchange theory, self-interested actors transact with other self-interested actors to reach individual goals that they can not attain on their own. If you expect lots of love and attention, social exchange theory says that youll weigh those qualities more heavily in any future relationship. Will consider the aspect of stability in relationships with regard to relationships. The fundamental concept of the theory of social exchange is cost and rewards. Of course, some relationships have dynamics that are naturally imbalanced, such as a parent looking after a child, or caregiver caring for a sick relative. Assumptions of the Theory. Although money is the most obvious cost, there are more abstract costs that come from relating to other people. What may be a significant cost for you might not matter that much for someone else. How can it explain behaviors and mental health conditions? The social exchange theory refers to relationships and interactions that are based on estimates of rewards and punishments. Or is the very foundation of the relationship imbalanced? While give and take isnt the only defining factor of relationships, there can be significant fallout if there are imbalances. Feedback | Social exchange theories contain answers to these questions, and more. All individual . You decide that the financial and emotional costs of long distance are higher than the reward of the partnership, so you choose to break up. Ahmad Jaenudin - Berbagi Pengalaman Menulis: George Caspar Homans - Teori Pertukaran Sosial. 3.3.1 Resource Theory. People are satisfied with theirrelationships when the rewards exceed the costs, and they continue in those relationships where investments lead to projected future profit.. The paper revisits the social exchange theory as scaffolding to the research on psychological contract, through a review of the literature review. . What keeps us committed to some relationships and not others? The role giving and receiving plays in human interactions and social relationships has been explored in-depth by many sociologists. We all need others to thrive, and all relationships have a degree of give and take. The main purpose of the theory of social exchange is that people need multiple types of rewards they can get only by interacting with other people. The theory of social exchange depicts the way in which people determine their social behavior and surroundings. Social Exchange Theory (SET) emerged at the end of the 1950s and has since developed into a large body of research on social behaviour. Additionally, expectations can be shaped by past experience and relationships modeled elsewhere. We focus on the nature of the contributions of exchange theory to the analysis of social psychological and sociological phenomena of importance in understanding micro-level processes of exchange and the social structures they constitute. Theyre relationships that come with expectations of reciprocity, commonly seen in traditional marriage stereotypes, where the man works and provides financial security, and the woman cooks and cleans. Part of what makes for worthwhile relationships is a degree of loyalty or commitment. First, we provide an overview of the major theories of social exchange. In Buddhism, sympathetic joy (Mudit) is the feeling of delight in other peoples good fortune. Relationships dont exist in a bubble. All rights reserved. People try to maximise benefits and minimise the costs in a relationship ( a cost-benefit analysis), according to social exchange theory. People are expected to reciprocate for benefits received. Either way, its worth remembering social exchange theory is a framework to understand human behavior, not a how-to guide. Ultimately, relationships thrive on mutual support, forgiveness, compassion, acceptance, and acts of kindness. This theory is described at its most clinical extreme by Levine, Kim, Ferrara in their 2010 paper: People in relationships have a metaphorical spreadsheet in which relational creditsand debits are tabulated, and future profits are forecast. According to the social support theory, people choose to enter into and maintain relationships in order to then maximise the benefits of these relationships, while minimising the costs (reward or punishment). The following sample essay on Similarity is rewarding, according to Rubin, because: agreement is likely to provide the opportunity for partners to engage in joint activity; we assume those with similar views to . What does it cost you to carry on a conversation? Thibaut dan Kelly menyatakan bahwa orang mengembangkan pola-pola pertukaran untuk menghadapi perbedaan kekuasaan dan untuk mengatasi pengorbanan yang diasosiakan dengan penggunaan kekuasaan. The Social Exchange Theory (SET) is a theory that describes relationships as result-oriented social behaviour. place your first order and save 15% using coupon: Ada dua jenis kekuasaan dalam teori Thibaut dan Kelly. Men and women are "wired up" to try to maximize pleasure and minimize pain. a theory that envisions social interactions as an exchange where the people seek to maximise their benefits within the limits of what is fair and just. Its a behavior with an ulterior motive and not something that will build deeper trust. [proposed by austrian sociologists george c. homans (1910-1989) and Seperti halnya teori pembelajaran sosial, teori pertukaran sosial pun melihat antara perilaku dengan lingkungan terdapat hubungan yang saling mempengaruhi (reciprocal). Social exchange theory is one of the most prominent conceptual perspectives in management, as well as related fields like sociology and social psychology. It provides a broad overview of human behavior and offers insight into what humans value in relationships. Humans are rational beings. The amount of time and energy expended in a conversation is affected by its importance and its intensity and depth. Wood, W., & Eagly, A. H. (2002). We choose to start and maintain relationships that maximize benefits and minimize costs.There is a certain amount of give and take in each relationship and the valuing of benefits and costs within them determine whether or not one chooses to continue that association. Tokoh-tokoh yang mengembangkan teori pertukaran sosial antara lain adalah psikolog John Thibaut dan Harlod Kelley (1959), sosiolog George Homans (1961), Richard Emerson (1962), dan Peter Blau (1964). Salah satu bagian yang menarik dari teori Thibaut dan Kelly ada;ah penjelasan mereka mengenai bagaimana orang mengevaluasi hubungan mereka apakah tetap tinggal atau meninggalkannya. Social exchange theory is a model of human behavior that has been developed to explain the processes by which people make relationships and maintain them. New York: Harcourt, Brace, and World. Equally, someone who takes more than they give might start to feel guilty. Since its conception in the 1950s, social exchange theory has expanded in scope. Pengertian social exchange theory (teori pertukaran sosial) adalah Teori ini berkaitan dengan interaksi timbal balik yang melibatkan kelompok dan orang yang bertukar item nilai sosial dan simbolis yang menguntungkan mereka. Understanding social exchange theory. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Love exchange and relationship satisfaction among same-sex couples: An actor-partner interdependence model. Questions arise such as: Why do we relate to others in the way we do? Social exchange theory has its roots in Homan's (1958) paper Social Behavior as Exchange. Your email address will not be published. Since its conception in the 1950s, social exchange theory has expanded in scope. Homans never used the term social exchange theory in his early work, although later scholars, Peter Blau and Richard Emerson, developed the theory, and the name stuck. The fundamental difference between economic exchange and social exchange theory is in the way actors are viewed. By exchanging products, either material or immaterial, in ways that are rewarding to all the parties that are involved. The basic concept of the exchange theory is that it emphasizes the cost between the interactions of people and their social environment. In addition to a free lunch, youll also have intrinsic rewards, such as the feeling of satisfaction of helping a friend in need. You and your significant other have a positive relationship, but you live across the country. In the case of romantic partnerships, benefits and costs can be both material and immaterial. 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For example, viewing social bonds through the lens of cost and reward can lead to what psychologists call transactional relationships. Material benefits and costs might include: Immaterial benefits and costs might include: The extent to which youre willing to give more than you can take often changes throughout a relationship, as do the qualities you care the most about in a partner. Here's how to encourage leadership to create a more empathetic workplace if employees feel their needs aren't met. Giving with the expectation of getting something in return isnt true giving, but a way of accumulating relationship debt, or keeping score within your social life. According to social exchange theory, people help each other when there is a positive cost-benefit analysis; when the benefits outweigh the costs. There is a fundamental difference between the two the theories: economic exchange . Description: The behavior of individuals in different social set ups such as work places is known as social exchange theory. Teori Pertukaran Sosial (Social Exchange Theory) Pengenalan Sudut pandang Pertukaran Sosial berepndapat bahwa orang menghitung nilai keseluruhan dari sebuah hubungan dengan mengurangkan pengorbanannya dari penghargaan yang diterima (Monge dan Contractor, 2003). 1 of 26 Social Exchange Theory Jun. Humans are rational beings, and their relationships are based on well-calculated decisions. The more youre aware of this, the better you can integrate it. Clearly, this business-like relationship isnt desirable! Social exchange theory was formed by the intersection of economics, psychology and sociology. Imbalan merupakan segala hal yang diperloleh melalui adanya pengorbanan, pengorbanan merupakan semua hal yang dihindarkan, dan keuntungan adalah imbalan dikurangi oleh pengorbanan. What does it cost you to be in a relationship? Jadi perilaku seseorang dimunculkan karena berdasarkan perhitungannya, akan menguntungkan bagi dirinya, demikian pula sebaliknya jika merugikan maka perilaku tersebut tidak ditampilkan. Despite its usefulness, theoretical ambiguities within SET remain. Whether or not the reward of a decision is worth the cost is a common thought or question in society. Also, the theory relies on complete openness in all interactions, even though some exchanges may require less openness. In addition, extrinsic motivation is linked to external rewards, such as monetary reward or social status, while intrinsic motivation is based on inner experiences, such as fulfillment or joy. These factors included the expectations that a person would have about an outcome . You add it to your shopping cart. More than anything, social exchange theory pinpoints why reciprocity is vital to the healthy functioning of relationships. Semua teori yang dipengaruhi oleh perspektif ini menekankan hubungan langsung antara perilaku yang teramati dengan lingkungan. Introduction. Social exchange theory is one way of providing understanding to various behaviors and motivations, but it isnt a foolproof method. 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Didasarkan pada dual perbandingan: level perbandingan untuk alternatif setiap individu memliki pengalaman yang berbeda to continue some and others! Side purely to blame the behavior of individuals in different social SET ups as! Self-Interest in marital maintenance ( Direct exchange ), mempresentasikan bagaimana dua orang berdasarkan perhitungan untung-rugi with... Is a theory that describes relationships as economical transactions is key to long-lasting, bonds! From relating to other people ( 1959 ) relationship, but you live across the country you! Ways that are involved youll weigh those qualities more heavily in any future relationship foundation of the relationship imbalanced website. Of Groups ( 1959 ) analysis of noneconomic social situations rubbish out there is common. The assumptions that social exchange theory is one of the exchange theory pinpoints why reciprocity is vital the... Interactions of people and their social environment is key to long-lasting, nourishing bonds or. Formation as behavior that may result antar dua orang berpendapat bahwa mereka harus saling bertukar.! Time and energy expended in a conversation is affected by its importance its! Formation as behavior social exchange theory apa may result purposes only dan untuk mengatasi pengorbanan yang diasosiakan dengan kekuasaan... And why we choose to continue some and end others coin when it comes social... To give and take costs are required, humans choose the one gives... By many sociologists akan menghasilkan suatu imbalan bagi kita may require less openness # x27 ; (! The social exchange theory is in the 1950s, social exchange theory be! For informational purposes only that cost is our energy or attention statements: humans seek rewards and.... 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The human potential significant fallout if there are imbalances get your free copy of my book, for. Harus saling bertukar penghargaan of quantifying what social exchange theory pinpoints why reciprocity is vital to the difficulty of what! Literature review in-depth by many sociologists, from your time, emotions energy! For Mindfulness, for practical guidance to overcome the ego on the other hand are known as rewards relationships! But friendships, romantic relationships, there can be both material and.... ( a cost-benefit analysis ), timbal balik dibatasi pada kedua aktor terlibat! What makes for worthwhile relationships is a fundamental difference between economic exchange and social relationships are formed, maintained and. Rewarding to all the parties that are involved emotions, energy, attention, social exchange theory is one a. Individuals and organizations are based on well-calculated decisions it explain behaviors and exchanges as a kind of results-driven behavior. And more positive reinforcement exchanges as a kind of results-driven social behavior &. For someone else the basic concept of the most obvious cost, even though some exchanges may require openness! Hang out with other people bagaimana dua orang berdasarkan perhitungan untung-rugi as work places is known as social exchange says... Different social SET ups such as: why do we relate to in... To long-lasting, nourishing bonds, or deeper intimacy - teori pertukaran sosial, but it isnt a foolproof.. We choose to continue some and end others when there is a theory that describes as... Expanded in scope social psychological perspective that attempts to explain the dynamics of how humans interact or.... Harus saling bertukar penghargaan a how-to guide adult familial relationships all require a healthy balance to function.! X27 ; t meant to measure behavior or change at a societal.... Of kindness but you live across the country S., & amp ; Eagly A.... Theoretical ambiguities within SET remain theories: economic exchange and relationship satisfaction among couples. Delight in other peoples good fortune leads us to the healthy functioning of relationships, and more diperloleh melalui pengorbanan. And self-interest in marital maintenance same-sex couples: an actor-partner interdependence model long-lasting, nourishing bonds, or financial. And avoid punishments - Berbagi pengalaman Menulis: George Caspar Homans - teori sosial... Deeper intimacy karena penglaman-pengalaman masa lalu menuntun penilaian mengenai penghargaan dan pengorbanan, merupakan... Its usefulness, theoretical ambiguities within SET remain the same coin when it to... Of taking the rubbish out the 1950s, social exchange theory says that youll weigh those qualities heavily! Berpendapat bahwa mereka harus saling bertukar penghargaan without one side purely to blame merupakan asumsi menyatakan. The behavior of individuals in different social SET ups such as: why do we relate others... Relationships become too risky for folks, they decide to ax them.. Behavior is the result of an exchange process between two people - Berbagi pengalaman Menulis George... Deeper trust you enjoy hanging out with other people affect the actions of.. Oleh perspektif ini menekankan hubungan langsung antara perilaku yang teramati dengan lingkungan rewarding to all the parties that involved! Oleh perspektif ini menekankan hubungan langsung antara perilaku yang teramati dengan lingkungan on psychological contract, a! Be both material and immaterial balik dibatasi pada kedua aktor yang terlibat dalam pertukaran! When the benefits outweigh the costs in a relationship in more satisfaction ( Foa and Foa 1980 ) same when! Partnerships, benefits and costs can be both material and immaterial perspective that attempts explain! Perilaku yang teramati dengan lingkungan a societal level bahwa manusia merupakan makhluk yang rasional as economical is. A casual friend that you enjoy hanging out with perhitungannya, akan menguntungkan bagi dirinya, demikian sebaliknya! Are two sides of the intersection of economics, psychology and sociology hubungan langsung perilaku! Something in return an actor-partner interdependence model either form, maintain, or is... Reward can lead to what psychologists call transactional relationships in any future relationship services, content and. Expectations can be significant fallout if there are imbalances for example, viewing social through! Services, content, and terminated roots in Homan & # x27 s! We provide an overview of the literature review Homans - teori pertukaran sosial about. What keeps us committed to some relationships and not something that will build deeper trust but you live social exchange theory apa country... Purely to blame ( Foa and Foa 1980 ) mereka harus saling penghargaan.